The present study examined correlates of well-being amongst a cross-sectional, national sample of Canadians, focusing on respondents’ parenthood and immigration status. Indirect associations via time pressure and religious practices were examined, in addition to the moderating role of religious practices on the relationship between time pressure and well-being. Participants were from the 2015 Canadian General Social Survey between 25 and 65 years of age (N = 11,254). A structural regression model revealed that immigrants (vs. non-immigrants) and parents (vs. non-parents) had higher levels of time pressure, which strongly and inversely related to well-being. No interaction between immigrant status and parenthood was observed in the prediction of time pressure. Immigrants had higher levels of religious practices, while parents had lower levels, though a significant interaction suggested that the highest levels of religious practices were for immigrants who were also parents. There was a small but significant positive relationship between religious practices and well-being. Indirect effects suggested that the association between parenthood/immigrant status and well-being may partially operate via these parallel pathways (i.e., time pressure and religious practices). There was no evidence that religious practices moderated the relationship between time pressure and well-being. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.

中文翻译：

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为人父母和幸福：在加拿大全国移民和非移民样本中检查时间压力和宗教习俗

本研究调查了加拿大人的横断面全国样本中幸福感的相关性，重点关注受访者的父母身份和移民身份。除了宗教实践对时间压力和幸福感之间关系的调节作用外，还研究了通过时间压力和宗教实践的间接关联。参与者来自 2015 年加拿大综合社会调查，年龄在 25 至 65 岁之间（N= 11,254)。结构回归模型显示，移民（与非移民）和父母（与非父母）的时间压力较高，这与幸福感呈强负相关。在时间压力的预测中没有观察到移民身份和父母身份之间的相互作用。移民的宗教活动水平较高，而父母的宗教活动水平较低，但显着的交互作用表明，宗教活动水平最高的是同时也是父母的移民。宗教习俗与福祉之间存在着微小但重要的积极关系。间接影响表明，父母身份/移民身份与幸福感之间的关联可能部分通过这些平行途径（即时间压力和宗教习俗）发挥作用。没有证据表明宗教习俗能缓和时间压力和幸福感之间的关系。讨论了对政策和未来研究的影响。