In this study, three-dimensional (3D) effects were created by adjusting the structure of traditional 2D pulsed jets and investigated experimentally and numerically. Experiments with a compressor blade controlled by the pulsed jets with 3D effects showed that the control performance could be optimized when the reduced frequency equals one and the space angle equals zero. In addition, the optimal control performance of 3D pulsed jets is better than that of 2D pulsed jets. Numerical simulations of compressor cascades controlled by 2D and 3D pulsed jets were also performed to reveal the mechanism of the space angle effect and explain the advantage of 3D pulsed jets. The simulations indicated that costing the same momentum coefficient, 3D pulsed jets could reduce the relative total pressure loss coefficient by about 50% compared with that of the 2D pulsed jet. Further analysis of the numerical results showed that 2D and 3D pulsed jets share the same mechanism of utilizing flow instability and spanwise separation vortices. However, 3D pulsed jets have the ability to generate additional streamwise vortices (like vortex generators), which contribute to more momentum transfer to the separation zone and better control performance than 2D pulsed jets.

在这项研究中，通过调整传统 2D 脉冲射流的结构来创建三维 (3D) 效果，并通过实验和数值进行研究。由具有 3D 效果的脉冲射流控制的压气机叶片的实验表明，当降低频率等于 1 且空间角等于 0 时，可以优化控制性能。此外，3D脉冲射流的最优控制性能优于2D脉冲射流。还进行了由 2D 和 3D 脉冲射流控制的压缩机级联的数值模拟，以揭示空间角效应的机制并解释 3D 脉冲射流的优势。模拟表明，消耗相同的动量系数，与二维脉冲射流相比，3D 脉冲射流可将相对总压力损失系数降低约 50%。对数值结果的进一步分析表明，2D 和 3D 脉冲射流具有相同的利用流动不稳定性和展向分离涡流的机制。然而，3D 脉冲射流能够产生额外的流向涡流（如涡流发生器），这有助于将更多的动量转移到分离区，并且比 2D 脉冲射流具有更好的控制性能。