An empirical foF2 model was constructed for the winter high-latitude ionosphere taking into account the structure of the ionization trough. This model describes the trough position and its shape in terms of longitudinal-latitudinal variations in foF2 in geographic latitude intervals of 40–85°N and 40–85°S. The model is valid for November to February in the Northern hemisphere and May-August in the Southern hemisphere. The simulation describes quiet geomagnetic conditions (Kp from 0 to 3+ for all local time (LT) and universal time (UT) hours at any solar activity level in the interval F_10.7 = 70–200 s.f.u. The model is based on the Cosmos-900, Interkosmos-19 and CHAMP satellite data. The radio occultation observation data obtained from the GRACE, CHAMP and COSMIC/FORMOSAT experiments were partially used. The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) was also used; thus, the ground-based station data were indirectly considered. Within the model framework, the variations in the trough minimum position with longitude and local time were identified and studied in detail. The latitudinal and longitudinal variations in foF2 were also revealed and investigated. The constructed model more adequately reproduces variations in foF2 than the IRI-2016 model. The new model is available on the IZMIRAN website: http://www.izmiran.ru/ionosphere/sm-mit/.

考虑到电离槽的结构，构建了冬季高纬度电离层的经验foF 2 模型。该模型根据foF 2 在 40-85°N 和 40-85°S 的地理纬度间隔内的经纬度变化来描述槽位置及其形状。该模型适用于北半球的 11 月至 2 月和南半球的 5 月至 8 月。模拟描述了安静的地磁条件（Kp 从 0 到 3+，适用于所有本地时间 (LT) 和世界时 (UT) 小时，在 F _10.7区间内的任何太阳活动水平 = 70–200 sfu 该模型基于 Cosmos-900、Interkosmos-19 和 CHAMP 卫星数据。部分使用了从 GRACE、CHAMP 和 COSMIC/FORMOSAT 实验中获得的无线电掩星观测数据。还使用了国际参考电离层 (IRI)；因此，间接考虑了地面站数据。在模型框架内，对低谷最小位置随经度和当地时间的变化进行了识别和详细研究。foF 2的纬度和纵向变化也被揭示和研究。构建的模型比 IRI-2016 模型更充分地再现了foF 2 的变化。新模型可在 IZMIRAN 网站上获得：http://www.izmiran.ru/ionosphere/sm-mit/。