Objective

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) is the second most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection (STI), leading to serious health problems in men, women and newborns. While early antibiotic treatment is effective, infections are increasingly antibiotic-resistant. No systematic reviews present health problems associated with Ng infections or their likelihood of occurrence. The objective, therefore, was to conduct a systematic literature review to address these gaps.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted of all studies with an English abstract published since 1950 (Pubmed)/1966 (Embase). The search included patients with a history of/current sexually transmitted Ng infection. Expected outcomes were defined from published reviews of gonorrhoea health problems. Observational studies with a control group were included. A decision tree determined the best quality studies for each outcome, prioritising generalisable populations, laboratory-confirmed diagnosis, clearly defined outcomes, no STI co-infections, adjusted analyses and risk estimates. Where feasible, a meta-analysis was performed; otherwise, the best quality study estimates were identified.

Findings

In total, 46 studies were included, and 22 health problems were identified. Of these problems, Ng infection was statistically significantly associated with preterm premature ruptures of membranes, preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, infant death, neonatal ophthalmia, schizophrenia in offspring, pelvic inflammatory disease and subsequent tubal infertility, human immunodeficiency virus and prostate cancer/problems. High-quality evidence was generally lacking, with high heterogeneity across studies, and limited or inconclusive data on other health problems.

Conclusion

Ng infection is associated with severe health problems in women, men and newborns. More high-quality comparative studies are needed to address the limitations in current knowledge.

中文翻译：

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性传播淋病奈瑟菌感染相关健康问题的系统文献回顾和定量分析

客观的

淋病奈瑟菌(Ng) 是第二种最常见的性传播细菌感染 (STI)，会导致男性、女性和新生儿出现严重的健康问题。虽然早期的抗生素治疗是有效的，但感染的抗生素耐药性越来越强。没有系统评价提出与 Ng 感染相关的健康问题或其发生的可能性。因此，目标是进行系统的文献回顾以解决这些差距。

方法

对自 1950 年 (Pubmed)/1966 年 (Embase) 以来发表的英文摘要的所有研究进行了系统的文献回顾。搜索包括有/目前有性传播 Ng 感染史的患者。预期结果是根据已发表的淋病健康问题评论确定的。包括对照组的观察性研究。决策树确定了每个结果的最佳质量研究，优先考虑可推广的人群、实验室确认的诊断、明确定义的结果、无 STI 合并感染、调整后的分析和风险估计。在可行的情况下，进行了荟萃分析；否则，确定质量最好的研究估计。

发现

总共纳入了 46 项研究，并确定了 22 项健康问题。在这些问题中，Ng 感染与胎膜早破、早产、低出生体重、死产、婴儿死亡、新生儿眼炎、后代精神分裂症、盆腔炎和随后的输卵管不孕症、人类免疫缺陷病毒和前列腺癌有统计学显着相关性/问题。高质量的证据普遍缺乏，研究之间的异质性很高，其他健康问题的数据有限或不确定。

结论

Ng 感染与女性、男性和新生儿的严重健康问题有关。需要更多高质量的比较研究来解决当前知识的局限性。