Hearing loss is one of the most common congenital diagnoses, recognized in large part by a robust newborn hearing screening program. Ensuring appropriate follow-up of failed newborn hearing screening is crucial to avoid delay in initiation of treatment for hearing loss. The most common etiology for congenital hearing loss is genetic, but some cases can be acquired. Understanding of the etiology aids in counseling for the family and in direction of treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment results in dramatically improved speech and developmental outcomes for affected children. Treatment including amplification, speech therapy, adaptations in the classroom, and family support leads to gains in academic performance, parental satisfaction, and quality of life. Early cochlear implantation has been shown to be beneficial in obtaining speech and language skills in patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss and should be considered in the appropriate patient population. [Pediatr Ann. 2021;50(7):e292-e296.].

中文翻译：

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先天性和新生儿获得性感音神经性听力损失。

听力损失是最常见的先天性诊断之一，在很大程度上被强大的新生儿听力筛查计划所识别。确保对失败的新生儿听力筛查进行适当的随访对于避免延迟开始听力损失治疗至关重要。先天性听力损失最常见的病因是遗传，但有些病例可以后天获得。了解病因有助于为家庭提供咨询和指导治疗。早期诊断和治疗可以显着改善受影响儿童的言语和发育结果。包括扩音、言语治疗、课堂适应和家庭支持在内的治疗可以提高学业成绩、父母满意度和生活质量。早期人工耳蜗植入已被证明有助于重度至极重度感音神经性听力损失患者获得言语和语言技能，应在适当的患者群体中考虑。[小儿安。2021;50(7):e292-e296.]。