This article targets the empirical space of well-defined theoretical and conceptual frameworks connecting irrigation to health outcomes but with limited evidence affected by observed and unobserved heterogeneity. Using a doubly robust estimator and panel data in Southern Ghana, the study finds that irrigation has mixed effects on health outcomes. The results show that there is no statistically significant increase in household and individual illness incidence, while that of malaria prevalence increases marginally for all individuals and substantially for children under 5 years. In contrast, the study finds a statistically significant increase in health status as very healthy of all individuals, females and males. The analyses of the pathways show that there is a decrease in per capita bednets and self-medication, while there are large improvements in health care financing and environmental quality. The overall findings suggest the possibility of irrigation leading to improvements in wellbeing, but this may come at the expense of increasing short-term health challenges.

中文翻译：

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加纳南部灌溉对家庭健康的影响*

本文针对将灌溉与健康结果联系起来的定义明确的理论和概念框架的经验空间，但受观察到和未观察到的异质性影响的证据有限。该研究使用加纳南部的双重稳健估计器和面板数据，发现灌溉对健康结果的影响参差不齐。结果表明，家庭和个人的疾病发病率在统计上没有显着增加，而所有个人的疟疾患病率都略有增加，而 5 岁以下儿童的患病率则大幅增加。相比之下，该研究发现健康状况显着增加为非常健康所有个体，女性和男性。对路径的分析表明，人均蚊帐和自我用药有所减少，而医疗保健融资和环境质量则有很大改善。总体研究结果表明，灌溉有可能改善福祉，但这可能以增加短期健康挑战为代价。