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Associations between the indoor microbiome, environmental characteristics and respiratory infections in junior high school students of Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-30 , DOI: 10.1039/d1em00115a Xi Fu 1 , Qianqian Yuan , Xunhua Zhu , Yanling Li , Yi Meng , Jamal Hisham Hashim , Zailina Hashim , Faridah Ali , Yi-Wu Zheng , Xu-Xin Lai , Michael Dho Spangfort , Huarong Wen , Lingling Wang , Fengru Deng , Qiansheng Hu , Dan Norbäck , Yu Sun
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-30 , DOI: 10.1039/d1em00115a Xi Fu 1 , Qianqian Yuan , Xunhua Zhu , Yanling Li , Yi Meng , Jamal Hisham Hashim , Zailina Hashim , Faridah Ali , Yi-Wu Zheng , Xu-Xin Lai , Michael Dho Spangfort , Huarong Wen , Lingling Wang , Fengru Deng , Qiansheng Hu , Dan Norbäck , Yu Sun
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Pathogens are commonly present in the human respiratory tract, but symptoms are varied among individuals. The interactions between pathogens, commensal microorganisms and host immune systems are important in shaping the susceptibility, development and severity of respiratory diseases. Compared to the extensive studies on the human microbiota, few studies reported the association between indoor microbiome exposure and respiratory infections. In this study, 308 students from 21 classrooms were randomly selected to survey the occurrence of respiratory infections in junior high schools of Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Vacuum dust was collected from the floor, chairs and desks of these classrooms, and high-throughput amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA and ITS) and quantitative PCR were conducted to characterize the absolute concentration of the indoor microorganisms. Fifteen bacterial genera in the classes Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Cyanobacteria were protectively associated with respiratory infections (p < 0.01), and these bacteria were mainly derived from the outdoor environment. Previous studies also reported that outdoor environmental bacteria were protectively associated with chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma, but the genera identified were different between acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Four fungal genera from Ascomycota, including Devriesia, Endocarpon, Sarcinomyces and an unclassified genus from Herpotrichillaceae, were protectively associated with respiratory infections (p < 0.01). House dust mite (HDM) allergens and outdoor NO2 concentration were associated with respiratory infections and infection-related microorganisms. A causal mediation analysis revealed that the health effects of HDM and NO2 were partially or fully mediated by the indoor microorganisms. This is the first study to explore the association between environmental characteristics, microbiome exposure and respiratory infections in a public indoor environment, expanding our understanding of the complex interactions among these factors.
中文翻译：
马来西亚新山初中生室内微生物组、环境特征与呼吸道感染的关系
病原体通常存在于人类呼吸道中，但症状因人而异。病原体、共生微生物和宿主免疫系统之间的相互作用对于塑造呼吸道疾病的易感性、发展和严重程度很重要。与对人类微生物群的广泛研究相比，很少有研究报告室内微生物群暴露与呼吸道感染之间的关联。本研究随机抽取21个班级的308名学生调查马来西亚新山初中呼吸道感染的发生情况。从这些教室的地板、椅子和桌子上收集真空灰尘，并进行了高通量扩增子测序（16S rRNA 和 ITS）和定量 PCR 来表征室内微生物的绝对浓度。放线菌、Alphaproteobacteria 和蓝藻类中的 15 个细菌属与呼吸道感染保护性相关。p < 0.01），这些细菌主要来自室外环境。先前的研究还报告说，室外环境细菌与哮喘等慢性呼吸道疾病有保护性相关，但鉴定的属在急性和慢性呼吸道疾病之间是不同的。从四个子囊菌真菌属，包括Devriesia，Endocarpon，Sarcinomyces和从Herpotrichillaceae未分类的属，被保护性地与呼吸道感染相关（p <0.01）。屋尘螨 (HDM) 过敏原和室外 NO 2浓度与呼吸道感染和感染相关微生物有关。因果中介分析表明，HDM 和NO 2的健康影响部分或完全由室内微生物介导。这是第一项探索公共室内环境中环境特征、微生物组暴露和呼吸道感染之间关联的研究，扩大了我们对这些因素之间复杂相互作用的理解。
更新日期：2021-07-19
中文翻译：
马来西亚新山初中生室内微生物组、环境特征与呼吸道感染的关系
病原体通常存在于人类呼吸道中，但症状因人而异。病原体、共生微生物和宿主免疫系统之间的相互作用对于塑造呼吸道疾病的易感性、发展和严重程度很重要。与对人类微生物群的广泛研究相比，很少有研究报告室内微生物群暴露与呼吸道感染之间的关联。本研究随机抽取21个班级的308名学生调查马来西亚新山初中呼吸道感染的发生情况。从这些教室的地板、椅子和桌子上收集真空灰尘，并进行了高通量扩增子测序（16S rRNA 和 ITS）和定量 PCR 来表征室内微生物的绝对浓度。放线菌、Alphaproteobacteria 和蓝藻类中的 15 个细菌属与呼吸道感染保护性相关。p < 0.01），这些细菌主要来自室外环境。先前的研究还报告说，室外环境细菌与哮喘等慢性呼吸道疾病有保护性相关，但鉴定的属在急性和慢性呼吸道疾病之间是不同的。从四个子囊菌真菌属，包括Devriesia，Endocarpon，Sarcinomyces和从Herpotrichillaceae未分类的属，被保护性地与呼吸道感染相关（p <0.01）。屋尘螨 (HDM) 过敏原和室外 NO 2浓度与呼吸道感染和感染相关微生物有关。因果中介分析表明，HDM 和NO 2的健康影响部分或完全由室内微生物介导。这是第一项探索公共室内环境中环境特征、微生物组暴露和呼吸道感染之间关联的研究，扩大了我们对这些因素之间复杂相互作用的理解。
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