The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily consists of a large group of non-selective cation channels that serve as cellular sensors for a wide spectrum of physical and environmental stimuli. The 28 mammalian TRPs, categorized into six subfamilies, including TRPC (canonical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), TRPA (ankyrin), TRPML (mucolipin) and TRPP (polycystin), are widely expressed in different cells and tissues. TRPs exhibit a variety of unique features that not only distinguish them from other superfamilies of ion channels, but also confer diverse physiological functions. Located at the plasma membrane or in the membranes of intracellular organelles, TRPs are the cellular safeguards that sense various cell stresses and environmental stimuli and translate this information into responses at the organismal level. Loss- or gain-of-function mutations of TRPs cause inherited diseases and pathologies in different physiological systems, whereas up- or down-regulation of TRPs is associated with acquired human disorders. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we briefly summarize the history of the discovery of TRPs, their unique features, recent advances in the understanding of TRP activation mechanisms, the structural basis of TRP Ca2+ selectivity and ligand binding, as well as potential roles in mammalian physiology and pathology.

中文翻译：

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健康和疾病中的 TRP 通道一目了然。

瞬时受体电位 (TRP) 通道超家族由一大群非选择性阳离子通道组成，这些通道充当广泛的物理和环境刺激的细胞传感器。28 种哺乳动物 TRP，分为 6 个亚家族，包括 TRPC（经典）、TRPV（香草素）、TRPM（美拉他汀）、TRPA（锚蛋白）、TRPML（粘蛋白）和 TRPP（多囊蛋白），在不同的细胞和组织中广泛表达。TRP 表现出多种独特的特征，不仅将它们与其他离子通道超家族区分开来，而且还赋予了多种生理功能。TRP 位于质膜或细胞内细胞器的膜中，是感知各种细胞压力和环境刺激并将这些信息转化为有机体水平反应的细胞保护措施。TRP 的功能丧失或获得突变会导致不同生理系统的遗传性疾病和病理，而 TRP 的上调或下调与获得性人类疾病有关。在这篇细胞科学概览文章和随附的海报中，我们简要总结了 TRP 的发现历史、它们的独特特征、对 TRP 激活机制的理解的最新进展、TRP Ca2+ 选择性和配体结合的结构基础，如以及在哺乳动物生理学和病理学中的潜在作用。