Refugee children in the Nordic countries have been reported to perform poorly in school and carry a high burden of familial posttraumatic stress. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of maternal and paternal posttraumatic stress on the school performance of refugee children. We used national register data on school grades at age 15–16 along with demographic and migration indicators during 2011–2017 in a population of 18,831 children in refugee families in Stockholm County, Sweden. Parental posttraumatic stress was identified in regional data from three levels of care, including a tertiary treatment center for victims of torture and war. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were fitted to analyze (a) mean grade point averages as Z scores and (b) eligibility for upper secondary school. In fully adjusted models, children exposed to paternal posttraumatic stress had a lower mean grade point average, SD = −0.14, 95% CI [−0.22, −0.07], and higher odds of not being eligible for upper secondary education, OR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.14, 1.65]. Maternal posttraumatic stress had a similar crude effect on school performance, SD = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.22, −0.07], OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.00, 1.55], which was attenuated after adjusting for single-parent households and the use of child psychiatric services. The effects were similar for boys and girls as well as for different levels of care. Parental posttraumatic stress had a small negative effect on school performance in refugee children, adding to the intergenerational consequences of psychological trauma.

中文翻译：

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难民儿童的父母创伤后压力和学校表现

据报道，北欧国家的难民儿童在学校表现不佳，并承受着沉重的家庭创伤后压力。本研究旨在调查母亲和父亲的创伤后压力对难民儿童在校表现的影响。我们使用了瑞典斯德哥尔摩县难民家庭中 18,831 名儿童的 15-16 岁学龄国家登记数据以及 2011-2017 年期间的人口和迁移指标。来自三个级别护理的区域数据确定了父母的创伤后压力，包括为酷刑和战争受害者设立的三级治疗中心。拟合多变量线性和逻辑回归模型以分析 (a) 平均成绩为Z分数和（b）高中的资格。在完全调整的模型中，暴露于父亲创伤后压力的儿童的平均成绩较低，SD = -0.14, 95% CI [-0.22, -0.07]，不符合高中教育条件的几率更高，OR = 1.37 , 95% CI [1.14, 1.65]。母亲的创伤后压力对学校表现有类似的粗略影响，SD = -0.15, 95% CI [-0.22, -0.07]，或= 1.25, 95% CI [1.00, 1.55]，在调整单亲家庭和使用儿童精神科服务后减弱。对于男孩和女孩以及不同程度的护理，效果相似。父母的创伤后压力对难民儿童的学业表现有轻微的负面影响，增加了心理创伤的代际后果。