The maternity benefit scheme piloted as Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) since 2011 and recently rolled out as Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) incentivizes mothers to participate in infant health-promoting activities. It has become India's largest conditional cash transfer program ever, outrivaling the country's first-generation maternity benefit scheme Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), which incentivizes institutional delivery and has been criticized for its unintended side effects on fertility. We approach IGMSY's geographically targeted pilot phase as a natural experiment and use data from a large national health survey to estimate its effects by a matched-pair difference-in-differences approach. Consistent with the program's conditions, we find increases in infant immunization. As side effect, long-term utilization of public health facilities becomes more frequent and intervals between eligible births increase by 17%. Our findings suggest that India'ns second-generation maternity benefit scheme has been more carefully designed than its predecessor, with side effects that support the program's broader objectives. But both direct and indirect effects are small and can make only a small contribution to redressing India's dismal maternal and child health record.

中文翻译：

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得到教训？印度第二代孕产妇现金转移计划的预期和非预期影响

产妇福利计划自 2011 年起以Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) 的名义进行试点，最近以Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) 的名义推出，以激励母亲参与促进婴儿健康的活动。它已成为印度有史以来最大的有条件现金转移计划，超过该国第一代产妇福利计划Janani Suraksha Yojana(JSY)，它激励机构分娩，并因其对生育的意外副作用而受到批评。我们将 IGMSY 的地理目标试验阶段作为一项自然实验，并使用来自大型国家健康调查的数据通过配对差异差异方法来估计其影响。与该计划的条件一致，我们发现婴儿免疫接种有所增加。作为副作用，公共卫生设施的长期使用变得更加频繁，符合条件的生育间隔增加了 17%。我们的研究结果表明，印度的第二代产妇福利计划比其前身设计得更加仔细，其副作用支持该计划的更广泛目标。