Data standardization combined with descriptive metadata facilitate data reuse, which is the ultimate goal of the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles. Community data or metadata standards are increasingly created through an approach that emphasizes collaboration between various stakeholders. Such an approach requires platforms for collaboration on the development process that centers on sharing information and receiving feedback. Our objective in this study was to conduct a systematic review to identify data standards and reporting formats that use version control for developing data standards and to summarize common practices, particularly in earth and environmental sciences. Out of 108 data standards and reporting formats identified in our review, 32 used GitHub as the version control platform, and no other platforms were used. We found no universally accepted methodology for developing and publishing data standards. Many GitHub repositories did not use key features that could help developers to gather user feedback, or to create and revise standards that build on previous work. We provide guidance for community-driven standard development and associated documentation on GitHub based on a systematic review of existing practices.

中文翻译：

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使用 GitHub 开发和版本控制数据标准和报告格式的指南

数据标准化与描述性元数据相结合促进了数据重用，这是可查找、可访问、可互操作和可重用 (FAIR) 原则的最终目标。社区数据或元数据标准越来越多地通过一种强调不同利益相关者之间协作的方法来创建。这种方法需要在以共享信息和接收反馈为中心的开发过程中进行协作的平台。我们在本研究中的目标是进行系统审查，以确定使用版本控制开发数据标准的数据标准和报告格式，并总结常见做法，特别是在地球和环境科学领域。在我们审查中确定的 108 个数据标准和报告格式中，32 个使用 GitHub 作为版本控制平台，并且没有使用其他平台。我们发现没有普遍接受的方法来制定和发布数据标准。许多 GitHub 存储库没有使用可以帮助开发人员收集用户反馈或创建和修订基于以前工作的标准的关键功能。我们基于对现有实践的系统审查，为社区驱动的标准开发和 GitHub 上的相关文档提供指导。