Widespread distribution, toxicity and exposure through rice and rice-based food products make arsenic (As) contamination of environment a serious issue. This review discusses various strategies that can be utilised to tackle the As problem in rice, and the socioeconomic impacts of the As problem. The countries of south and south-east Asia are renowned as hotspots of As contamination owing to occurrence and enrichment of As in soil and groundwater via natural biogeochemical weathering of rocks and As-enriched sediment. The irrigation of rice is mostly applied through the use of contaminated groundwater leading to high As accumulation in rice grains. The intensification of research to address the problem of As in rice has been seen in the past two decades. It has been realised that appropriate irrigation water management, which acts as a major driver of As chemistry in soil and As uptake and transport in plants, can be an easy and affordable solution. Further, balanced supplement of various nutrient elements like selenium (Se), silicon (Si), sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) has been found to impart dual benefits in terms of reduced As toxicity as well as enhance the nutritional quality of rice grains. Several other agronomic and biotechnological approaches, processing, and cooking methods of rice were found to have profound impacts on rice As and its speciation from farms to table.

大米和大米食品的广泛分布、毒性和暴露使环境中的砷 (As) 污染成为一个严重问题。本综述讨论了可用于解决水稻中砷问题的各种策略，以及砷问题的社会经济影响。南亚和东南亚国家因岩石和富砷沉积物的自然生物地球化学风化作用而在土壤和地下水中发生和富集砷，因而成为砷污染的热点地区。水稻灌溉主要是通过使用受污染的地下水进行灌溉，导致水稻籽粒中砷的高积累。在过去的 20 年中，人们已经看到加强研究以解决稻米中的砷问题。人们已经认识到，适当的灌溉用水管理，它是土壤中砷化学和植物吸收和运输砷的主要驱动力，是一种简单且经济实惠的解决方案。此外，已发现硒 (Se)、硅 (Si)、硫 (S)、氮 (N)、铁 (Fe) 和锌 (Zn) 等各种营养元素的均衡补充在减少砷方面具有双重益处。毒性以及提高米粒的营养品质。发现其他几种水稻的农艺和生物技术方法、加工和烹饪方法对水稻砷及其从农场到餐桌的物种形成产生了深远的影响。已发现铁 (Fe) 和锌 (Zn) 在降低砷毒性和提高米粒的营养品质方面具有双重益处。发现其他几种水稻的农艺和生物技术方法、加工和烹饪方法对水稻砷及其从农场到餐桌的物种形成产生了深远的影响。已发现铁 (Fe) 和锌 (Zn) 在降低砷毒性和提高米粒的营养品质方面具有双重益处。发现其他几种水稻的农艺和生物技术方法、加工和烹饪方法对水稻砷及其从农场到餐桌的物种形成产生了深远的影响。