Abstract

Dams are the biggest ‘development’ displacement agent. In this paper, we explore the gendered processes and structures of dam-induced displacement and resettlement on Indigenous communities and how displaced men conceptualise masculinities and gender relations within those communities. Drawing upon results of previous research undertaken in India and Malaysia, these two disparate cases allow us to examine how displacement affected men and changed their lives, and subsequently how they (re)constructed and (re)negotiated masculinities and gender-social relations in post-resettlement lives. We highlight two critical issues, namely, household and community land/resources, and compensation and rehabilitation processes to illustrate how gender roles, and in particular masculinities and men’s roles, were transformed in dam displacement in both the countries, and analyse the consequences for women, family life and gender relations. We argue that the outcomes of gender and social asymmetries have largely depended on the realities of power, allowing men to reconstruct their masculinities to retain stereotyped notions of male superiority and female subordination.

摘要

水坝是最大的“发展”置换剂。在本文中，我们探讨了水坝引起的土著社区流离失所和重新安置的性别化过程和结构，以及流离失所的男性如何将这些社区内的男子气概和性别关系概念化。借鉴先前在印度和马来西亚进行的研究结果，这两个不同的案例让我们能够研究流离失所如何影响男性并改变他们的生活，以及随后他们如何（重新）构建和（重新）协商男性气质和性别社会关系-重新安置生活。我们强调两个关键问题，即家庭和社区土地/资源，以及补偿和康复过程，以说明性别角色，特别是男子气概和男性角色，在这两个国家都发生了大坝位移的转变，并分析了对妇女、家庭生活和性别关系的影响。我们认为，性别和社会不对称的结果在很大程度上取决于权力的现实，允许男性重建他们的男子气概，以保留男性优越和女性从属的陈规定型观念。