On 17 March 2021, the European Commission put forward its Proposal for a Regulation on Digital Green Certificates, which would facilitate European Union (EU) cross-border movement during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Regulation on the EU Digital COVID Certificate was adopted on 14 June 2021 and it will start to apply from 1 July 2021. This article examines the main declared goals of the new Regulation – the first being that Digital COVID Certificates facilitate safe cross-border movement, the second being that they preclude more restrictive national measures, the third being that they prevent discrimination and the fourth being that they coordinate Member States’ actions. In so doing, it highlights the main benefits and weaknesses of the Regulation, but it also goes beyond the Regulation by tackling broader questions of EU law that will be of relevance even once the pandemic is over. In this respect, the paper highlights the importance of science in assessing the proportionality of pandemic-related measures and of choosing the least restrictive and the most individualised options when restricting free movement due to public health reasons. It also identifies the effects EU certificates will have on Member States’ regulation of national COVID-19 certificates, notably those designed for other purposes than cross-border travel, and it shows that there is a thin line between the EU’s and national competences in this area.

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欧盟 COVID-19 证书：批判性分析

2021 年 3 月 17 日，欧盟委员会提出了关于数字绿色证书法规的提案，该提案将促进欧盟 (EU) 在 COVID-19 大流行期间的跨境流动。欧盟数字 COVID 证书法规于 2021 年 6 月 14 日通过，并将于 2021 年 7 月 1 日开始适用。本文探讨了新法规的主要宣布目标——首先是数字 COVID 证书促进安全的跨境流动，第二是它们排除了更严格的国家措施，第三是它们防止歧视，第四是它们协调成员国的行动。在这样做的过程中，它突出了该条例的主要优点和缺点，但它也超越了该条例，解决了更广泛的欧盟法律问题，即使在大流行结束后也将具有相关性。在这方面，该论文强调了科学在评估与大流行相关措施的相称性以及在出于公共卫生原因限制自由流动时选择限制最少和最个性化的选择方面的重要性。它还确定了欧盟证书将对成员国对国家 COVID-19 证书的监管产生的影响，尤其是那些为跨境旅行以外的其他目的而设计的证书，并表明欧盟和国家在这方面的能力之间存在细微差别区域。该文件强调了科学在评估与流行病相关措施的相称性以及在出于公共卫生原因限制自由流动时选择限制最少和最个性化的选择方面的重要性。它还确定了欧盟证书将对成员国对国家 COVID-19 证书的监管产生的影响，尤其是那些为跨境旅行以外的其他目的而设计的证书，并表明欧盟和国家在这方面的能力之间存在细微差别区域。该文件强调了科学在评估与流行病相关措施的相称性以及在出于公共卫生原因限制自由流动时选择限制最少和最个性化的选择方面的重要性。它还确定了欧盟证书将对成员国对国家 COVID-19 证书的监管产生的影响，尤其是那些为跨境旅行以外的其他目的而设计的证书，并表明欧盟和国家在这方面的能力之间存在细微差别区域。