Introduction

The impacts of transport on health have been extensively studied, yet there has been less focus on the complex interactions that exist within the transport-health sphere. We adopt a System Dynamics (SD) approach to addressing the research question “Where are the trade-offs and synergies between different types of health impacts within the transport-health system?“, which is in recognition of the problem that policies designed to influence health outcomes related to one form of transport impact may also influence other health outcomes and transport impacts.

Methods

To begin, we carry out a literature review of existing SD studies of transport-health, identifying 23 that have been published, of which six explicitly cover multiple transport impacts. We then combine key concepts of these studies to create a generalised causal loop diagram (CLD) that addresses the research question.

Results

We develop a CLD for exploring the trade-offs within transport-health. In doing so, we find that not all existing studies define health outcomes (eg morbidity or mortality) and few cover both transport and health mechanisms in detail. As well as improving the detail on mobility behaviours, transport impacts and health outcomes, we also identify a need for this approach to consider the influence of new data and technologies on transport-health.

Conclusions

Although this paper presents a qualitative model, this is the first step towards a quantitative model, and nonetheless, in itself may be used to better understand the system and scenarios, and contribute to more robust transport-health impact assessments for policy making.

中文翻译：

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交通-卫生系统动力学模型综述

介绍

交通对健康的影响已得到广泛研究，但对交通与健康领域中存在的复杂相互作用的关注较少。我们采用系统动力学 (SD) 方法来解决研究问题“交通-健康系统内不同类型的健康影响之间的权衡和协同作用在哪里？”，这是对旨在影响政策的问题的认识与一种形式的交通影响相关的健康结果也可能影响其他健康结果和交通影响。

方法

首先，我们对现有的交通健康 SD 研究进行了文献回顾，确定了 23 项已发表，其中 6 项明确涵盖了多种交通影响。然后，我们结合这些研究的关键概念来创建解决研究问题的广义因果循环图 (CLD)。

结果

我们开发了一个 CLD 来探索交通与健康之间的权衡。在这样做时，我们发现并非所有现有研究都定义了健康结果（例如发病率或死亡率），而且很少有详细涵盖交通和健康机制。除了改进移动行为、交通影响和健康结果的细节外，我们还确定这种方法需要考虑新数据和技术对交通健康的影响。

结论

尽管本文提出了一个定性模型，但这是迈向定量模型的第一步，尽管如此，它本身可用于更好地理解系统和情景，并有助于为政策制定进行更稳健的交通健康影响评估。