The onlay-graft, one of the most difficult graft conditions, is used for diverse clinical conditions, including plastic and dental surgery. The graft should withstand continuous pressure from overlying tissues and have excellent bone formation capability in a limited bone contact situation. We recently developed a 3D printed Kagome-structured polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold that has a stronger mechanical property. This study evaluated the clinical feasibility of this scaffold for onlay-graft use. The value of the scaffold containing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in a hyaluronate-based hydrogel (rhBMP-2/HA) to enhance bone regeneration was also assessed. 3D-printed Kagome-PCL scaffolds alone (n = 12, group I) or loaded with rhBMP-2/HA (n = 12, group II) were grafted using a rat calvarial onlay-graft model. Following sacrifice at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, all 3D-printed Kagome-PCL scaffolds were accurately positioned and firmly integrated to the recipient bone. Micro-computed tomography and histology analyses revealed a constant height of the scaffolds over time in all animals. New bone grew into the scaffolds in both groups, but with greater volume in group II. These results suggest the promising clinical feasibility of the 3D-printed Kagome-PCL scaffold for onlay-graft use and it could substitute the conventional onlay-graft in the plastic and dental reconstructive surgery in the near future.

覆盖移植是最困难的移植条件之一，用于各种临床条件，包括整形和牙科手术。移植物应能承受来自上覆组织的持续压力，并在有限的骨接触情况下具有出色的骨形成能力。我们最近开发了一种具有更强机械性能的 3D 打印 Kagome 结构的聚己内酯 (PCL) 支架。本研究评估了这种支架用于覆盖移植物的临床可行性。还评估了在基于透明质酸盐的水凝胶 (rhBMP-2/HA) 中含有重组人骨形态发生蛋白 2 的支架对促进骨再生的价值。单独使用 3D 打印的 Kagome-PCL 支架（n = 12，I 组）或装载 rhBMP-2/HA（n= 12，第 II 组）使用大鼠颅骨覆盖移植模型进行移植。在第 2、4 和 8 周处死后，所有 3D 打印的 Kagome-PCL 支架都被准确定位并牢固地整合到受体骨上。微型计算机断层扫描和组织学分析显示，随着时间的推移，所有动物的支架高度都保持不变。两组的新骨都长入了支架，但第二组的体积更大。这些结果表明 3D 打印的 Kagome-PCL 支架用于覆盖移植物具有良好的临床可行性，并且它可以在不久的将来在整形和牙科重建手术中替代传统的覆盖移植物。