In this paper, we develop a supply chain network model in which firms compete noncooperatively in an oligopolistic manner in discrete time periods over a finite planning horizon. Each firm makes a strategic decision regarding its target sustainability rating and tactical decisions of product flows, in the presence of consumer preferences for sustainability and a variety of environmental policies. Such policies include ecological taxes for different types of pollution, subsidies for pollution control, command-and-control policies, as well as hybrid approaches with different possible combinations of policy instruments. Furthermore, our model captures dynamic changes in not only the consumer purchasing behavior, but also the operational costs and environmental pollution, as well as government environmental policies. A series of numerical examples evaluate the impacts of consumer preferences for sustainability and environmental policies on firms’ profitability and their environmental footprint. The results indicate that firms will improve sustainable operations as long as it is financially valuable for them to do so, which mandates governments and firms to educate consumers about sustainability. Numerical examples also reveal under which environmental policies sustainability can be profitable.

在本文中，我们开发了一个供应链网络模型，在该模型中，公司在有限的规划范围内以寡头垄断的方式在离散的时间段内进行非合作竞争。在存在消费者对可持续性的偏好和各种环境政策的情况下，每家公司都会就其目标可持续性评级和产品流的战术决策做出战略决策。这些政策包括针对不同类型污染的生态税、污染控制补贴、命令和控制政策，以及具有不同政策工具组合的混合方法。此外，我们的模型不仅捕捉到消费者购买行为的动态变化，还捕捉到运营成本和环境污染以及政府环境政策的动态变化。一系列数值示例评估了消费者对可持续性和环境政策的偏好对公司盈利能力和环境足迹的影响。结果表明，只要企业在财务上有价值，企业就会改善可持续运营，这就要求政府和企业对消费者进行可持续发展教育。数字示例还揭示了在哪些环境政策下可持续发展可以获利。