Purpose of Review

To provide an overview of nutrition studies evaluating the association of dietary saturated fat and meat intake with the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and discuss implications of recent data.

Recent Findings

Recent studies have led to the re-evaluation of the role of saturated fat in CAD. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) support Mediterranean diet to reduce cardiovascular risk. Recent data revealed significant association of intake of meat or poultry with increased risk, but fish consumption was associated with lower risk of incident CAD.

Summary

In this review, we provide a brief overview of the studies and data that have led to the re-evaluation of the link between saturated fat and CAD. Due to conflicting data from long-term prospective cohort studies and significant heterogeneity, associations of unprocessed meat with CAD are less clear compared to the role of processed meat. Pooled data from prospective cohort studies have overcome some of these limitations and show association of both processed and unprocessed meat and poultry intake but not fish consumption with incident CAD. These findings were also validated recently in a large UK Biobank prospective study. While recognizing the limitations of these cohort studies, we discuss relevant landmark RCTs. We finally consider the challenges with RCTs in nutrition research to improve the quality of evidence and need for evidence-based dietary guidelines with respect to saturated fat intake from a clinical perspective.

中文翻译：

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思想的食粮还是教条的教条？饮食和冠状动脉疾病：临床医生的观点

审查目的

提供评估膳食饱和脂肪和肉类摄入量与冠状动脉疾病 (CAD) 发展关系的营养研究的概述，并讨论最近数据的影响。

最近的发现

最近的研究导致重新评估饱和脂肪在 CAD 中的作用。随机对照试验 (RCT) 支持地中海饮食以降低心血管风险。最近的数据显示，肉类或家禽的摄入与风险增加有显着关联，但鱼类消费与 CAD 事件的风险较低有关。

总结

在这篇综述中，我们简要概述了导致重新评估饱和脂肪和 CAD 之间联系的研究和数据。由于来自长期前瞻性队列研究的相互矛盾的数据和显着的异质性，与加工肉类的作用相比，未加工肉类与 CAD 的关联不太清楚。来自前瞻性队列研究的汇总数据克服了其中一些限制，并显示加工和未加工的肉类和家禽摄入量与鱼类摄入量与 CAD 事件之间的关联。最近，英国生物银行的一项大型前瞻性研究也验证了这些发现。在认识到这些队列研究的局限性的同时，我们讨论了相关的具有里程碑意义的 RCT。