The purpose of this study was to control the effects of different tillage and straw returning methods on the temporal and spatial changes of soil moisture, photosynthetic characteristics of maize leaves, maize yield and water use efficiency, and to provide the basis for the cultivation mode of maize yield increase, water efficiency and soil sustainable utilization in semi-humid area. The spatial and temporal changes of soil moisture, leaf photosynthetic characteristics, maize yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were studied under four treatments, rotary cultivation and ridging of straws (CK), full amount and deep turning of straw back to the field (SP), no till straw smashed in full amount, covering and returning to the field (SC) and straw mulching and mechanical deep loosening (SS). The spatial and temporal dynamics of soil water storage showed a single peak curve in 2018 and a double peak curve in 2019. Soil water storage increased with the increase of soil depth. The soil water storage of SC and SS treatments were significantly higher than that of SP and CK treatments in the range of 0–60 cm. The net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (C_i) and transpiration rate (T_r) of maize leaves of SP, SC and SS treatments were significantly increased compared with CK treatment in 2018 and 2019, the P_n, G_s, C_i and T_r of SP and SC treatments were significantly lower than those of SS treatment. The stomatal limitation percentage (L_s) of SS treatment was significantly decreased compared with CK, SP and SC treatments. The yield of SS treatment increased by 13.88% and 14.82% in 2018 and 2019, SP treatment increased by 7.59% and 9.12%, SC treatment increased by 7.42% and 8.5%, respectively, compared with CK treatment. The water use efficiency (WUE) of SS treatment increased by 13.89% and 9.80% in 2018 and 2019, SP treatment increased by 6.36% and 6.02%, SC treatment increased by 5.77% and 3.92%, respectively. Straw returning reduced soil water evaporation, increased soil water storage, promoted maize photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation, and significantly increased maize yield and water use efficiency. Straw mulching subsoiling is more suitable for drought resistance, yield increase and water efficient cultivation technology mode of maize in rain fed agricultural area.

本研究旨在控制不同耕作和秸秆还田方式对土壤水分、玉米叶片光合特性、玉米产量和水分利用效率的时空变化的影响，为玉米的栽培模式提供依据。半湿润地区玉米增产、水分利用及土壤可持续利用. 研究了秸秆轮作垄作(CK)、秸秆全量深翻4种处理下土壤水分、叶片光合特性、玉米产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的时空变化。 SP)、免耕秸秆全量粉碎、覆盖还田(SC)和秸秆覆盖机械深松(SS)。2018年土壤蓄水量时空动态呈现单峰曲线，2019年呈双峰曲线。土壤蓄水量随着土层深度的增加而增加。SC和SS处理的土壤储水量在0-60 cm范围内显着高于SP和CK处理。净光合速率（2018、2019年SP、SC和SS处理玉米叶片的P _n )、气孔导度( G _s )、细胞间二氧化碳浓度( C _i )和蒸腾速率( T _r )均较CK处理显着增加，P SP和SC处理的_n、G _s、C _i和T _r显着低于SS处理。气孔限制百分比 ( L _s)与CK、SP和SC处理相比，SS处理显着降低。与CK处理相比，SS处理的产量在2018年和2019年分别增加了13.88%和14.82%，SP处理分别增加了7.59%和9.12%，SC处理分别增加了7.42%和8.5%。SS处理的水分利用效率（WUE）在2018年和2019年分别提高了13.89%和9.80%，SP处理分别提高了6.36%和6.02%，SC处理分别提高了5.77%和3.92%。秸秆还田减少了土壤水分蒸发，增加了土壤储水量，促进了玉米光合作用和干物质积累，显着提高了玉米产量和水分利用效率。秸秆覆盖深松更适合雨养农业区玉米的抗旱增产节水栽培技术模式。