Abstract

The electrodialysis method is used to recover iron, nickel and copper from waste water generated in the manufacture of printed circuit boards. The objects of study were ion-exchange membranes PC Acid 60 (PCCell GmbH) and CM (H) RALEX^® (MEGA) and model solutions containing heavy metal ions (Fe³⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cu²⁺) and SO₄^2– и NO₃^– anions. The time dependences of the retention coefficients of the Fe³⁺, Ni²⁺, and Cu²⁺ cations were constructed, the degree of treatment of the solutions to remove the SO₄^2– и NO₃^– anions was determined, and the ion fluxes and ion transport numbers were calculated. On separating solutions containing one and all three salts of the target metals, the retention coefficients of Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ cations differ significantly, whereas those of Fe³⁺ cations, on the contrary, differ by no more than 2–3%. On separating a multicomponent three-salt solution, the retention coefficients of Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ cations are decreased in comparison with the corresponding values for single-salt solutions. For the purpose of exhaustive metal recovery, the electrodialysis separation of multicomponent solutions is the most efficient method, as applied to Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ cations.

中文翻译：

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电渗析法回收印制电路板生产废水中的铁、镍、铜

摘要

电渗析法用于从印刷电路板制造过程中产生的废水中回收铁、镍和铜。研究对象是离子交换膜 PC Acid 60 (PCCell GmbH) 和 CM (H) RALEX ^® (MEGA) 以及含有重金属离子（Fe ³⁺、Ni ²⁺和 Cu ²⁺）和 SO _{4 的}模型溶液^2– и NO ₃ ^–阴离子。构建了 Fe ³⁺、Ni ²⁺和 Cu ²⁺阳离子的保留系数的时间依赖性、溶液去除 SO ₄ ^2–和 NO ₃ ^{– 的处理程度}阴离子被确定，并计算离子通量和离子传输数。在分离含有一种和所有三种目标金属盐的溶液时，Ni ²⁺和Cu ²⁺阳离子的保留系数差异显着，而Fe ³⁺阳离子的保留系数则相反，差异不超过2-3% . 在分离多组分三盐溶液时，与单盐溶液的相应值相比，Ni ²⁺和Cu ²⁺阳离子的保留系数降低。为了彻底回收金属，多组分溶液的电渗析分离是最有效的方法，适用于 Fe ³⁺和 Cu ²⁺ 阳离子。