The use of correlative ecological niche models has highly increased in the last decade. Despite all literature and textbooks in this field, few practical guidelines exist on the correct application of these techniques. We present here a step-by-step guideline explaining best practices for calculating correlative ecological niche models considering their conceptual and statistical assumptions and limitations. We divided the modelling process into four stages: 1) data collection and preparation; 2) model calculation; 3) model evaluation and validation; 4) and model application. Based on ecological niche theory, we review the concepts of ecological niche and how they can be modelled; classes of correlative models; modelling software; selection of study area; data sources for species records and environmental variables; types of species records and their influence on correlative models; errors in species records; minimum number of species records and environmental variables; effects of prevalence, sampling design, biases, and collinearity between variables; model calculation; model projection to different scenarios in time and space; ensemble modelling; model validation; classification, discrimination and calibration metrics; calculation of null models; analysis of model results; and model thresholding. This guideline is expected to help potential users to obtain better results when using correlative ecological niche models.

在过去十年中，相关生态位模型的使用大大增加。尽管有该领域的所有文献和教科书，但很少有关于正确应用这些技术的实用指南。我们在这里提供了一个分步指南，解释了计算相关生态位模型的最佳实践，考虑到它们的概念和统计假设和局限性。我们将建模过程分为四个阶段：1）数据收集和准备；2）模型计算；3) 模型评估和验证；4）和模型应用。基于生态位理论，我们回顾了生态位的概念及其建模方法；相关模型的类别；建模软件；研究区域的选择；物种记录和环境变量的数据来源；物种记录的类型及其对相关模型的影响；物种记录错误；最少数量的物种记录和环境变量；流行率、抽样设计、偏差和变量之间的共线性的影响；模型计算；模型投影到不同时间和空间的场景；集成建模；模型验证；分类、鉴别和校准指标；计算空模型；模型结果分析；和模型阈值。该指南有望帮助潜在用户在使用相关生态位模型时获得更好的结果。模型投影到不同时间和空间的场景；集成建模；模型验证；分类、鉴别和校准指标；计算空模型；模型结果分析；和模型阈值。该指南有望帮助潜在用户在使用相关生态位模型时获得更好的结果。模型投影到不同时间和空间的场景；集成建模；模型验证；分类、鉴别和校准指标；计算空模型；模型结果分析；和模型阈值。该指南有望帮助潜在用户在使用相关生态位模型时获得更好的结果。