Biochar-Amended Composting (BAC) plays an integral role in sustainable agricultural practices due to its multiple benefits in crop production, soil nutrient retention, carbon sequestration and environmental protection. Although accepted as a traditional method, there is a lack of understanding in defining its suitability and efficiency in terms of various base-materials and conditions. Being two carbon-based entities with plentiful nutrients and surface activity, biochar and compost find application in agricultural fields together or separately for improving the soil properties and crop productivity. Recent studies focus on defining the optimum conditions for their preparation, mixing, application and monitoring under various feed, soil, crop and climatic conditions. However, due to the complexity and specificity of the system, many influencing aspects of their interaction are yet unknown in detail. In this review, we analyze the recent advancements in the selection and preparation of new materials for BAC, and explain the mechanisms of Organic Matter (OM) degradation/sequestration occurring in soil based on possible chemical/morphological transformations of organic carbon. Most of the performance results are in agreement with the previous records, but a few contradictions have been observed under diverse experimental conditions. In general, BAC enhanced the mineralization of carbon and sequestration of heavy metals, and stabilized labile fraction of OM due to the development of carbonyl, phenolic and aromatic functional groups on its surface. In addition, aging of biochar resulted in stable N-C=O and amino groups for the adsorption of nitrogen compounds thus decreasing the potential greenhouse gas emissions. The study further identifies potential future research gaps in this area.

生物炭改良堆肥 (BAC) 在作物生产、土壤养分保持、碳固存和环境保护方面具有多重优势，因此在可持续农业实践中发挥着不可或缺的作用。尽管作为一种传统方法被接受，但在定义其在各种基材和条件方面的适用性和效率方面缺乏理解。作为具有丰富营养和表面活性的两种碳基实体，生物炭和堆肥可以一起或单独应用于农业领域，以改善土壤特性和作物生产力。最近的研究侧重于确定在各种饲料、土壤、作物和气候条件下进行制备、混合、应用和监测的最佳条件。但由于系统的复杂性和特殊性，他们相互作用的许多影响方面尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们分析了 BAC 新材料的选择和制备的最新进展，并基于有机碳可能的化学/形态转变解释了土壤中有机物 (OM) 降解/封存的机制。大多数性能结果与之前的记录一致，但在不同的实验条件下观察到了一些矛盾。一般来说，BAC 增强了碳的矿化和重金属的封存，并由于其表面上羰基、酚类和芳香族官能团的发展而稳定了 OM 的不稳定部分。此外，生物炭的老化导致稳定的 NC=O 和氨基用于吸附氮化合物，从而减少潜在的温室气体排放。该研究进一步确定了该领域未来潜在的研究差距。