Spreading rapidly across the United States beginning in the spring of 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic radically disrupted Americans' lives. Previous studies of community-wide disasters suggested people are fairly resilient and identified resources and strategies that promote that resilience. Yet, the COVID-19 pandemic is in some ways unique, with high levels of uncertainty, evolving implications and restrictions, and varied and uneven impacts. How resilient were Americans as the pandemic progressed? What psychosocial resources and coping strategies facilitated adjustment as the country moved into a summer of uneven reopenings and reclosures? Data from a national sample of 674 Americans were gathered at the height of early lockdowns and peaking infections in mid-April, 2020, and again, 5 and 10 weeks later. The study aimed to determine levels and sources of distress and to identify the resources and coping efforts that promoted or impeded resilience. Early levels of distress diminished to some extent over subsequent months while levels of wellbeing were comparable with usual norms, suggesting a largely resilient response. COVID-19-related stress exposure also decreased gradually over time. Older age, higher levels of mindfulness and social support, and meaning focused coping predicted better adjustment, reflecting resilience, while avoidance coping was particularly unhelpful. In models predicting change over time, approach-oriented coping (i.e., active coping, meaning-focused coping, and seeking social support) was minimally predictive of subsequent adjustment. Given the unique and ongoing circumstances presented by COVID-19, specific interventions targeting psychosocial resources and coping identified here may help to promote resilience as the pandemic continues to unfold. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行早期的心理弹性：美国人全国样本中的压力源、资源和应对策略。


2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 自 2020 年春季开始在美国迅速蔓延，彻底扰乱了美国人的生活。先前对社区范围的灾难的研究表明，人们具有相当的复原力，并确定了促进这种复原力的资源和策略。然而，COVID-19 大流行在某些方面是独一无二的，具有高度的不确定性、不断变化的影响和限制以及多样且不均匀的影响。随着疫情的发展，美国人的恢复能力如何？当该国进入重新开放和重新关闭不均衡的夏季时，哪些社会心理资源和应对策略促进了调整？数据来自 674 名美国人的全国样本，数据收集于 2020 年 4 月中旬早期封锁高峰期和感染高峰期，以及 5 周和 10 周后。该研究旨在确定痛苦的程度和来源，并确定促进或阻碍复原力的资源和应对措施。在接下来的几个月里，早期的痛苦水平在一定程度上有所减轻，而幸福水平与通常的正常水平相当，这表明反应在很大程度上是有弹性的。随着时间的推移，与 COVID-19 相关的压力暴露也逐渐减少。年龄越大，正念和社会支持水平越高，以及以意义为中心的应对方式预示着更好的调整，反映了弹性，而回避应对尤其没有帮助。在预测随时间变化的模型中，以方法为导向的应对（即积极应对、注重意义的应对和寻求社会支持）对随后的调整的预测微乎其微。 鉴于 COVID-19 带来的独特且持续的情况，本文确定的针对社会心理资源和应对措施的具体干预措施可能有助于在大流行继续蔓延时提高抵御能力。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。