Repetition appears to be part of error correction and action preparation in all domains that involve producing an action sequence. The present work contends that the ubiquity of repetition is due to its role in resolving a problem inherent to planning and retrieval of action sequences: the Problem of Retrieval. Repetitions occur when the production to perform next is not activated enough to be executed. Repetitions are helpful in this situation because the repeated action sequence activates the likely continuation. We model a corpus of natural speech using a recurrent network, with words as units of production. We show that repeated material makes upcoming words more predictable, especially when more than one word is repeated. Speakers are argued to produce multiword repetitions by using backward associations to reactivate recently produced words. The existence of multiword repetitions means that speakers must decide where to reinitiate execution from. We show that production restarts from words that have seldom occurred in a predictive preceding-word context and have often occurred utterance-initially. These results are explained by competition between preceding-context and top-down cues over the course of language learning. The proposed theory improves on structural accounts of repetition disfluencies, and integrates repetition disfluencies in language production with repetitions observed in other domains of skilled action. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

中文翻译：

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语言生产中的重复和检索理论。

在涉及产生动作序列的所有领域中，重复似乎是纠错和动作准备的一部分。目前的工作认为，重复的普遍性是由于它在解决行动序列的计划和检索所固有的问题中的作用：检索问题。当下一个要执行的生产没有被激活到足以执行时，就会发生重复。重复在这种情况下很有帮助，因为重复的动作序列会激活可能的延续。我们使用循环网络对自然语音语料库进行建模，单词作为生产单元。我们表明，重复的材料使即将出现的单词更容易预测，尤其是在重复多个单词时。说话者被认为通过使用反向关联来重新激活最近产生的单词来产生多词重复。多词重复的存在意味着说话者必须决定从哪里重新开始执行。我们表明，生产从很少出现在预测性前置词上下文中并且经常在最初出现的话语中重新开始。这些结果可以通过语言学习过程中先前上下文和自上而下线索之间的竞争来解释。所提出的理论改进了对重复不流畅的结构说明，并将语言生产中的重复不流畅与在其他熟练动作领域中观察到的重复结合起来。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）我们表明，生产从很少出现在预测性前置词上下文中并且经常在最初出现的话语中重新开始。这些结果可以通过语言学习过程中先前上下文和自上而下线索之间的竞争来解释。所提出的理论改进了对重复不流畅的结构说明，并将语言生产中的重复不流畅与在其他熟练动作领域中观察到的重复结合起来。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）我们表明，生产从很少出现在预测性前置词上下文中并且经常在最初出现的话语中重新开始。这些结果可以通过语言学习过程中先前上下文和自上而下线索之间的竞争来解释。所提出的理论改进了对重复不流畅的结构说明，并将语言生产中的重复不流畅与在其他熟练动作领域中观察到的重复结合起来。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）并将语言产生中的重复不流畅与在其他熟练动作领域观察到的重复结合起来。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）并将语言产生中的重复不流畅与在其他熟练动作领域观察到的重复结合起来。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）