Multidrug resistance in bacteria is a major threat to global health and the effective prevention and treatment of infections. The urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents, together with the increasing challenges in discovering and developing effective antibiotics, has inspired new approaches and strategies to circumvent antibiotic resistance. Despite this effort, the difficulty in cell-penetration and delivery of antibiotics into bacterial cells remains the bottleneck for both traditional and non-traditional antibacterial agents to realize their full potential. Recently, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have attracted considerable attention as low-toxicity carriers, promising the improvement of the low biological activity of traditional antimicrobial agents. CPPs are now extensively used to deliver various antibiotics, including recently developed agents, such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). The conjugation of CPPs to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can also greatly enhance antibacterial activity and may present an effective approach for developing novel antimicrobial agents. This review discusses the characteristics, designing strategies, and recent progress in the development and application of antimicrobial CPPs as potent antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

细菌的多重耐药性是对全球健康和有效预防和治疗感染的主要威胁。对新型抗菌药物的迫切需求，以及发现和开发有效抗生素面临的日益严峻的挑战，激发了规避抗生素耐药性的新方法和策略。尽管如此，细胞渗透和将抗生素递送到细菌细胞中的困难仍然是传统和非传统抗菌剂发挥其全部潜力的瓶颈。近年来，细胞穿透肽（CPPs）作为低毒载体引起了广泛关注，有望改善传统抗菌剂生物活性低的问题。CPP 现在被广泛用于输送各种抗生素，包括最近开发的药物，例如反义寡核苷酸 (ASO)。CPPs 与抗菌肽 (AMPs) 的结合也可以大大增强抗菌活性，并可能为开发新型抗菌剂提供一种有效的方法。本综述讨论了抗菌 CPP 作为抗多重耐药菌的有效抗菌剂的开发和应用的特性、设计策略和最新进展。