The Saharan Air Layer is a mass of hot, dry air laden with dust that forms over the Sahara and moves towards the Atlantic Ocean. This air mass contains soil dust particles emitted by the action of winds on the African continent. Between June and August, the large-scale patterns of wind circulation transport dust from the Sahara across the tropical North Atlantic Ocean, affecting parts of the Caribbean, Central America, Mexico, even some regions of the United States, and the Mediterranean and Southern Europe. Between December and April, wind circulation patterns facilitate dust transportation from the Sahara to the northern parts of South America and the Amazon. This dust transportation a phenomenon of interest to geosciences and public health because of the potential health impacts of dust dispersion and circulation in the atmosphere. Thus, we assessed the relationship between exposure to Saharan dust (SahD) and its implications for human health in the Americas. We performed a nonsystematic review in the PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Scielo databases of studies published between 2000 and 2020 in Portuguese, English, French, or Spanish using the search words "Saharan dust," or "mineral dust," or "desert dust," and "human health." The available direct air pollutants measurements indicate that the pollution level in the cities affected on a constant and prolonged basis is high versus acceptable standards. Further, this review also showed that the negative health effects of SahD are sparsely studied in the Americas.

中文翻译：

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从撒哈拉沙漠到美洲大陆的尘埃：健康影响。

撒哈拉空气层是一团充满尘埃的干热空气，在撒哈拉沙漠上空形成并向大西洋移动。该气团包含在非洲大陆风的作用下排放的土壤灰尘颗粒。在 6 月和 8 月之间，大规模的风环流模式将来自撒哈拉沙漠的沙尘穿过热带北大西洋，影响到加勒比海部分地区、中美洲、墨西哥，甚至美国的一些地区，以及地中海和南欧. 12 月至 4 月期间，风环流模式促进了沙尘从撒哈拉沙漠向南美洲北部和亚马逊地区的输送。由于尘埃在大气中的扩散和循环对健康有潜在影响，因此这种尘埃输送是地球科学和公共卫生感兴趣的一种现象。因此，我们评估了暴露于撒哈拉尘埃 (SahD) 与其对美洲人类健康的影响之间的关系。我们在 PubMed、Google Scholar、EMBASE 和 Scielo 数据库中使用搜索词“撒哈拉尘埃”或“矿物尘埃”或​​“沙漠尘埃”和“人类健康”。现有的直接空气污染物测量表明，长期受到影响的城市的污染水平高于可接受的标准。此外，该审查还表明，美洲对 SahD 对健康的负面影响的研究很少。我们在 PubMed、Google Scholar、EMBASE 和 Scielo 数据库中使用搜索词“撒哈拉尘埃”或“矿物尘埃”或​​“沙漠尘埃”和“人类健康”。现有的直接空气污染物测量表明，长期受到影响的城市的污染水平高于可接受的标准。此外，该审查还表明，美洲对 SahD 对健康的负面影响的研究很少。我们在 PubMed、Google Scholar、EMBASE 和 Scielo 数据库中使用搜索词“撒哈拉尘埃”或“矿物尘埃”或​​“沙漠尘埃”和“人类健康”。现有的直接空气污染物测量表明，长期受到影响的城市的污染水平高于可接受的标准。此外，该审查还表明，美洲对 SahD 对健康的负面影响的研究很少。或“沙漠尘埃”和“人类健康”。现有的直接空气污染物测量表明，长期受到影响的城市的污染水平高于可接受的标准。此外，该审查还表明，美洲对 SahD 对健康的负面影响的研究很少。或“沙漠尘埃”和“人类健康”。现有的直接空气污染物测量表明，长期受到影响的城市的污染水平高于可接受的标准。此外，该审查还表明，美洲对 SahD 对健康的负面影响的研究很少。