Introduction. Standard neuroimaging protocols for brain tumors have well-known limitations. The clinical use of additional modalities including amino acid PET (aaPET) and advanced MRI (aMRI) techniques (including DWI, PWI, and MRS) is emerging in response to the need for more accurate detection of brain tumors. In this systematic review of the past 2 years of the literature, we discuss the most recent studies that directly compare or combine aaPET and aMRI for brain tumor imaging. Methods. A PubMed search was conducted for human studies incorporating both aaPET and aMRI and published between July 2018 and August 2020. Results. A total of 22 studies were found in the study period. Recent studies of aaPET with DWI showed a superiority of MET, FET, FDOPA, and AMT PET for detecting tumor, predicting recurrence, diagnosing progression, and predicting survival. Combining modalities further improved performance. Comparisons of aaPET with PWI showed mixed results about spatial correlation. However, both modalities were able to detect high-grade tumors, identify tumor recurrence, differentiate recurrence from treatment effects, and predict survival. aaPET performed better on these measures than PWI, but when combined, they had the strongest results. Studies of aaPET with MRS demonstrated that both modalities have diagnostic potential but MET PET and FDOPA PET performed better than MRS. MRS suffered from some data quality issues that limited analysis in two studies, and, in one study that combined modalities, overall performance actually decreased. Four recent studies compared aaPET with emerging MRI approaches (such as CEST imaging, MR fingerprinting, and SISTINA), but the initial results remain inconclusive. Conclusions. aaPET outperformed the aMRI imaging techniques in most recent studies. DWI and PWI added meaningful complementary data, and the combination of aaPET with aMRI yielded the best results in most studies.

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氨基酸 PET 与用于神经肿瘤学成像的先进和新兴 MRI 技术的比较：对近期研究的系统评价

简介。脑肿瘤的标准神经影像学方案具有众所周知的局限性。为满足对更准确检测脑肿瘤的需求，临床应用包括氨基酸 PET (aaPET) 和高级 MRI (aMRI) 技术（包括 DWI、PWI 和 MRS）在内的其他方式正在出现。在对过去 2 年文献的系统回顾中，我们讨论了直接比较或结合 aaPET 和 aMRI 进行脑肿瘤成像的最新研究。方法。对包含 aaPET 和 aMRI 的人体研究进行了 PubMed 搜索，并在 2018 年 7 月至 2020 年 8 月之间发表。结果. 研究期间共发现22项研究。最近对 aaPET 与 DWI 的研究表明，MET、FET、FDOPA 和 AMT PET 在检测肿瘤、预测复发、诊断进展和预测生存方面具有优势。组合方式进一步提高了性能。aaPET 与 PWI 的比较显示了空间相关性的混合结果。然而，这两种方法都能够检测到高级别肿瘤、识别肿瘤复发、区分复发和治疗效果，并预测生存率。aaPET 在这些指标上的表现优于 PWI，但结合起来，它们的结果最强。aaPET 与 MRS 的研究表明，这两种方式都具有诊断潜力，但 MET PET 和 FDOPA PET 的表现优于 MRS。MRS 存在一些数据质量问题，限制了两项研究的分析，并且，在一项结合多种方式的研究中，整体表现实际上有所下降。最近的四项研究将 aaPET 与新兴的 MRI 方法（如 CEST 成像、MR 指纹和 SISTINA）进行了比较，但初步结果仍无定论。结论。在最近的研究中，aaPET 优于 aMRI 成像技术。DWI 和 PWI 添加了有意义的补充数据，并且 aaPET 与 aMRI 的结合在大多数研究中产生了最好的结果。