BACKGROUND The estimated number of youth who come into contact with both the child welfare and juvenile justice systems, or "dual system" youth, varies widely because studies use different methodologies. Recent work using linked administrative data shows promise for identifying a stable range of dual system rates, generalizable to other jurisdictions and useful for understanding the nature and timing of system involvement. OBJECTIVE This study replicates the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) Dual System Youth Design Study methodology to explore dual system overlap and six distinct dual system pathways defined by the type (i.e., nonconcurrent or concurrent) and timing (i.e., first contact with child welfare or juvenile justice) of dual system contact in Los Angeles County. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Using data from the Los Angeles Probation Department, a cohort of youth born in/after 1998 with a first juvenile justice petition between 2014 and 2016 was identified (N = 6877) and matched to statewide child welfare records between 1998 and 2017. METHOD Descriptive statistics were produced for dual system youth and pathways, and differences across groups were tested using chi-square and t-tests. RESULTS Two-thirds of youth with a first juvenile justice petition interacted with the child welfare system. The majority of dual system youth did not have contact with both systems at the same time and nearly all dual system youth were involved with the child welfare system before the juvenile justice system. Female and Black youth were more likely to be dual system youth and to have more extensive involvement with the child welfare system. Probation experiences and outcomes were associated with the nature and chronicity of child welfare involvement. CONCLUSION Implementing a delinquency prevention continuum that starts with community-based supports and continues throughout all levels of child welfare and juvenile justice involvement is essential to disrupting dual system involvement.

中文翻译：

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洛杉矶县的双系统青年及其途径：OJJDP 双系统青年研究的复制。

背景 与儿童福利和少年司法系统（或“双系统”青年）接触的青年估计数量差异很大，因为研究使用了不同的方法。最近使用关联行政数据的工作表明，有望确定一个稳定的双系统费率范围，可推广到其他司法管辖区，并有助于了解系统参与的性质和时间。目标 本研究复制了美国司法部、少年司法和犯罪预防办公室 (OJJDP) 双系统青少年设计研究方法，以探索双系统重叠和由类型（即非并发或并发）和时间定义的六种不同双系统路径（即第一次接触儿童福利或少年司法）在洛杉矶县的双系统联系。参与者和设置 使用洛杉矶缓刑局的数据，确定了一组 1998 年或之后出生的青少年，他们在 2014 年至 2016 年期间首次提出少年司法申请（N = 6877），并与 1998 年至 2017 年期间的全州儿童福利记录相匹配。方法 为双系统青年和途径生成描述性统计数据，并使用卡方和 t 检验测试组间的差异。结果 三分之二的青少年首次提出少年司法请愿书，他们与儿童福利系统进行了互动。大多数双元制青少年没有同时接触这两种制度，几乎所有双元制青少年都参与了少年司法制度之前的儿童福利制度。女性和黑人青年更有可能是双元制青年，并且更广泛地参与儿童福利制度。缓刑经历和结果与儿童福利参与的性质和长期性有关。结论 实施以社区为基础的支持并贯穿儿童福利和少年司法参与的所有层面的犯罪预防连续统一体对于破坏双重制度参与至关重要。