The three-dimensional (3D) organization of chromatin within the nucleus is now recognized as a bona fide epigenetic property influencing genome function, replication, and maintenance. In the recent years, several studies have revealed how 3D chromatin organization is associated with brain function and its emerging role in disorders of the brain. 3D chromatin organization plays a crucial role in the development of different cell types of the nervous system and some neuronal cell types have adapted unique modifications to this organization that deviates from all other cell types. In post-mitotic neurons, dynamic changes in chromatin interactions in response to neuronal activity underlie learning and memory formation. Finally, new evidence directly links 3D chromatin organization to several disorders of the brain. These recent findings position 3D chromatin organization as a fundamental regulatory mechanism poised to reveal the etiology of brain function and dysfunctions.

中文翻译：

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大脑功能和功能障碍中的三维染色质组织。

细胞核内染色质的三维 (3D) 组织现在被认为是影响基因组功能、复制和维护的真正表观遗传特性。近年来，一些研究揭示了 3D 染色质组织如何与大脑功能相关联，以及它在大脑疾病中的新兴作用。3D 染色质组织在神经系统不同细胞类型的发育中起着至关重要的作用，一些神经元细胞类型已经对这种组织进行了独特的修改，这不同于所有其他细胞类型。在有丝分裂后的神经元中，响应神经元活动的染色质相互作用的动态变化是学习和记忆形成的基础。最后，新证据直接将 3D 染色质组织与几种大脑疾病联系起来。