Adolescence is marked by changes in decision-making and perspective-taking abilities. Although adolescents make more adaptive decisions with age, little is understood about how adolescents take adaptive risks that impact others and how this behavior changes developmentally. Functional coupling between reward [e.g., ventral striatum (VS)] and ‘social brain’ [e.g. temporal parietal junction (TPJ)/ posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)] systems may be differentially shape adaptive risks for the self and other. A total of 173 participants completed between one and three sessions across three waves [a total of 433 behavioral and 403 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data points]. During an fMRI scan, adolescents completed a risky decision-making task where they made risky decisions to win money for themselves and their parent. The risky decisions varied in their expected value (EV) of potential reward. Results show that from the 6th through 9th grades, adolescents took increasingly more adaptive risks for themselves than for their parent. Additionally, greater VS–TPJ/pSTS and VS–mPFC connectivity that tracks EV when making risky decisions for themselves in 6th grade, but a lower VS–mPFC connectivity in 9th grade, predicted greater adaptive risk-taking for their parent. This study contributes to our understanding of the self as a neural proxy for promoting adaptive social behaviors in youth.

中文翻译：

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面向自我的神经回路预测青春期面向他人的适应性风险：一项纵向研究

青春期的特点是决策和观点采取能力的变化。尽管青少年随着年龄的增长做出更具适应性的决定，但对于青少年如何承担影响他人的适应性风险以及这种行为如何随着发育发生变化，人们知之甚少。奖赏[例如腹侧纹状体 (VS)] 和“社交大脑”[例如颞顶叶交界处 (TPJ)/后颞上沟 (pSTS)、内侧前额叶皮层 (mPFC)] 系统之间的功能耦合可能是不同形状的适应风险自我和他人。共有 173 名参与者完成了三个波次的一到三个会话 [总共 433 个行为和 403 个功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 数据点]。在 fMRI 扫描期间，青少年完成了一项冒险的决策任务，他们做出冒险的决定来为自己和父母赢钱。风险决策的潜在回报预期值 (EV) 各不相同。结果表明，从 6 年级到 9 年级，青少年为自己承担的适应风险越来越多，而不是为父母承担。此外，更高的 VS-TPJ/pSTS 和 VS-mPFC 连通性可以在 6 年级为自己做出风险决策时跟踪 EV，但 9 年级的 VS-mPFC 连通性较低，预示着他们的父母会承担更大的适应性风险。这项研究有助于我们将自我理解为促进青少年适应性社会行为的神经代理。与父母相比，青少年为自己承担了越来越多的适应风险。此外，更高的 VS-TPJ/pSTS 和 VS-mPFC 连通性可以在 6 年级为自己做出风险决策时跟踪 EV，但 9 年级的 VS-mPFC 连通性较低，预示着他们的父母会承担更大的适应性风险。这项研究有助于我们将自我理解为促进青少年适应性社会行为的神经代理。与父母相比，青少年为自己承担了越来越多的适应风险。此外，更高的 VS-TPJ/pSTS 和 VS-mPFC 连通性可以在 6 年级为自己做出风险决策时跟踪 EV，但 9 年级的 VS-mPFC 连通性较低，预示着他们的父母会承担更大的适应性风险。这项研究有助于我们将自我理解为促进青少年适应性社会行为的神经代理。