Recognizing others' humanity is fundamental to how people think about and treat each other. People often ascribe greater humanness to groups that they socially value, but do they also systematically ascribe social value to different individuals? Here, we tested whether people (de)humanize individuals based on social traits inferred from their facial appearance, focusing on attractiveness and intelligence. Across five studies, less attractive and less intelligent-looking individuals seemed less human, but this varied by target gender: Attractiveness better predicted humanness attributions to women whereas perceived intelligence better predicted humanness attributions to men (Study 1). This difference seems to stem from gender stereotypes (preregistered Studies 2 and 3) and even extends to attributions of children's humanness (preregistered Study 4). Moreover, this gender difference leads to biases in moral treatment that confer more value to the lives of attractive women and intelligent-looking men (preregistered Study 5). These data help to explain how interpersonal judgments of individuals interact with intergroup biases to promote gender-based discrimination, providing greater nuance to the mechanisms and outcomes of dehumanization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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人们根据面部外观将人性赋予男性和女性的不同之处。

认识到他人的人性是人们如何思考和对待彼此的基础。人们经常将更大的人性赋予他们在社会上重视的群体，但他们是否也系统地将社会价值赋予不同的个人？在这里，我们测试了人们是否根据从面部外观推断出的社会特征来（去）人性化个人，重点是吸引力和智力。在五项研究中，吸引力和外表不那么聪明的人似乎不那么人性化，但这因目标性别而异：吸引力更好地预测了女性的人性，而感知智力更好地预测了男性的人性（研究 1）。这种差异似乎源于性别刻板印象（预先注册的研究 2 和 3），甚至延伸到儿童的归因 人性（预先注册的研究 4）。此外，这种性别差异会导致道德对待的偏见，从而赋予有吸引力的女性和聪明的男性的生活更多的价值（预先注册的研究 5）。这些数据有助于解释个人的人际判断如何与群体间偏见相互作用以促进基于性别的歧视，从而为非人性化的机制和结果提供更大的细微差别。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。为去人性化的机制和结果提供更大的细微差别。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。为去人性化的机制和结果提供更大的细微差别。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。