Everyday maltreatments can threaten people's basic sense of being human. Can victims restore their sense of humanness after it has been damaged by an offense and, if so, how? Four studies compared forgiving and taking revenge as responses to victimization. In Study 1, participants recalled a time they either forgave or took revenge against someone who had hurt them. In Studies 2 and 3, they imagined being victimized by a coworker and then either forgiving or taking revenge against him. In Study 4, they wrote either a forgiving or a vengeful letter to a transgressor who had committed an offense against them. Each methodology revealed that, compared with revenge, forgiveness was more effective at rehumanizing the self; indeed, forgiveness produced feelings of humanness that nearly exceeded levels experienced by nonvictimized participants (Study 3). Studies 3 and 4 also provided evidence that perceiving 1's forgiveness as moral contributes to a restored sense of humanness. Study 4 further revealed important downstream predictive consequences of a restored sense of self-humanity following forgiveness-less self-harm, a greater sense of belonging to the human community, and greater importance of one's moral identity. Extending past research on the benefits of forgiveness, this work highlights the agency that victims have to repair their humanness in the wake of a dehumanizing offense. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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受害后的自我重新人性化：宽恕与报复的角色。

日常虐待会威胁到人们作为人的基本意识。受害者在被犯罪行为破坏后能否恢复人性？如果可以，如何恢复？四项研究比较了宽恕和报复作为对受害的反应。在研究 1 中，参与者回忆起他们曾经原谅或报复伤害过他们的人的经历。在研究 2 和 3 中，他们想象自己被同事伤害，然后要么原谅他，要么报复他。在研究 4 中，他们写了一封宽恕或报复的信给对他们犯下罪行的违法者。每种方法都表明，与报复相比，宽恕在重新人性化方面更有效。的确，宽恕产生的人性感觉几乎超过了非受害参与者的水平（研究 3）。研究 3 和 4 还提供了证据，表明将 1 的宽恕视为道德有助于恢复人性意识。研究 4 进一步揭示了在没有宽恕的自我伤害之后恢复自我人性的重要下游预测后果，对人类社区的更大归属感以及个人道德认同的更大重要性。扩展过去关于宽恕的好处的研究，这项工作强调了受害者在非人道的罪行之后必须修复他们的人性的机构。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。作为道德的宽恕有助于恢复人性。研究 4 进一步揭示了在没有宽恕的自我伤害之后恢复自我人性的重要下游预测后果，对人类社区的更大归属感以及个人道德认同的更大重要性。扩展过去关于宽恕的好处的研究，这项工作强调了受害者在非人道的罪行之后必须修复他们的人性的机构。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。作为道德的宽恕有助于恢复人性。研究 4 进一步揭示了在没有宽恕的自我伤害之后恢复自我人性的重要下游预测后果，对人类社区的更大归属感以及个人道德认同的更大重要性。扩展过去关于宽恕的好处的研究，这项工作强调了受害者在非人道的罪行之后必须修复他们的人性的机构。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。扩展过去关于宽恕的好处的研究，这项工作强调了受害者在非人道的罪行之后必须修复他们的人性的机构。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。扩展过去关于宽恕的好处的研究，这项工作强调了受害者在非人道的罪行之后必须修复他们的人性的机构。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。