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SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 Protein Is Not an Interferon-β Antagonist.
Journal of Virology ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-10 , DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00747-21
Aixin Li 1 , Kaitao Zhao 1 , Bei Zhang 1 , Rong Hua 1 , Yujie Fang 2, 3 , Wuhui Jiang 1 , Jing Zhang 4 , Lixia Hui 1 , Yingcheng Zheng 1 , Yan Li 5, 6 , Chengliang Zhu 7 , Pei-Hui Wang 4 , Ke Peng 2 , Yuchen Xia 1
Affiliation  

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is bringing an unprecedented health crisis to the world. To date, our understanding of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host innate immunity is still limited. Previous studies reported that SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 12 (NSP12) was able to suppress interferon-β (IFN-β) activation in IFN-β promoter luciferase reporter assays, which provided insights into the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this study, we demonstrated that IFN-β promoter-mediated luciferase activity was reduced during coexpression of NSP12. However, we could show NSP12 did not affect IRF3 or NF-κB activation. Moreover, IFN-β production induced by Sendai virus (SeV) infection or other stimulus was not affected by NSP12 at mRNA or protein level. Additionally, the type I IFN signaling pathway was not affected by NSP12, as demonstrated by the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Further experiments revealed that different experiment systems, including protein tags and plasmid backbones, could affect the readouts of IFN-β promoter luciferase assays. In conclusion, unlike as previously reported, our study showed SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 protein is not an IFN-β antagonist. It also rings the alarm on the general usage of luciferase reporter assays in studying SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE Previous studies investigated the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and interferon signaling and proposed that several SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins, including NSP12, could suppress IFN-β activation. However, most of these results were generated from IFN-β promoter luciferase reporter assay and have not been validated functionally. In our study, we found that, although NSP12 could suppress IFN-β promoter luciferase activity, it showed no inhibitory effect on IFN-β production or its downstream signaling. Further study revealed that contradictory results could be generated from different experiment systems. On one hand, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 could not suppress IFN-β signaling. On the other hand, our study suggests that caution needs to be taken with the interpretation of SARS-CoV-2-related luciferase assays.

中文翻译:

SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 蛋白不是干扰素-β 拮抗剂。

由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 引起的 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 正在给世界带来前所未有的健康危机。迄今为止,我们对 SARS-CoV-2 与宿主先天免疫之间相互作用的了解仍然有限。先前的研究报告说,SARS-CoV-2 非结构蛋白 12 (NSP12) 能够在 IFN-β 启动子荧光素酶报告基因检测中抑制干扰素-β (IFN-β) 的激活,这为了解 COVID-19 的发病机制提供了见解。在这项研究中,我们证明了在 NSP12 共表达期间 IFN-β 启动子介导的荧光素酶活性降低。然而,我们可以证明 NSP12 不影响 IRF3 或 NF-κB 激活。此外,仙台病毒(SeV)感染或其他刺激诱导的 IFN-β 产生在 mRNA 或蛋白质水平不受 NSP12 的影响。此外,正如干扰素刺激基因 (ISG) 的表达所证明的那样,I 型 IFN 信号通路不受 NSP12 的影响。进一步的实验表明,不同的实验系统,包括蛋白质标签和质粒骨架,可能会影响 IFN-β 启动子荧光素酶测定的读数。总之,与之​​前报道的不同,我们的研究表明 SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 蛋白不是 IFN-β 拮抗剂。它还对荧光素酶报告基因检测在研究 SARS-CoV-2 中的普遍使用敲响了警钟。重要性先前的研究调查了 SARS-CoV-2 病毒蛋白与干扰素信号传导之间的相互作用,并提出包括 NSP12 在内的几种 SARS-CoV-2 病毒蛋白可以抑制 IFN-β 的激活。然而,这些结果中的大部分是从 IFN-β 启动子荧光素酶报告基因测定产生的,并且尚未在功能上得到验证。在我们的研究中,我们发现,虽然 NSP12 可以抑制 IFN-β 启动子荧光素酶活性,但它对 IFN-β 的产生或其下游信号没有显示出抑制作用。进一步的研究表明,不同的实验系统可能会产生相互矛盾的结果。一方面,我们证明了 SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 不能抑制 IFN-β 信号。另一方面,我们的研究表明,在解释 SARS-CoV-2 相关荧光素酶测定时需要谨慎。进一步的研究表明,不同的实验系统可能会产生相互矛盾的结果。一方面,我们证明了 SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 不能抑制 IFN-β 信号。另一方面,我们的研究表明,在解释 SARS-CoV-2 相关荧光素酶检测时需要谨慎。进一步的研究表明,不同的实验系统可能会产生相互矛盾的结果。一方面,我们证明了 SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 不能抑制 IFN-β 信号。另一方面,我们的研究表明,在解释 SARS-CoV-2 相关荧光素酶测定时需要谨慎。
更新日期:2021-06-16
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