The first case of prostate cancer was identified by histological examination by Adams, a surgeon at The London Hospital, in 1853. In his report, Adams noted that the condition was 'a very rare disease'. Now, over 150 years later, with increased life expectancy and screening, prostate cancer has become one of the most common cancers in men. In the United States alone, nearly 200,000 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer annually and about 33,000 succumb to their disease. Fifty years ago, men were typically diagnosed with prostate cancer in their seventies with disease that had metastasized to the bone and/or soft tissue. Diagnosis at such an advanced stage was a death sentence, with patients dying within 2 years. The pioneering work of Charles Huggins in the 1940s found that metastatic prostate cancer responds to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), ushering in the rational use of hormone therapies that have irrevocably changed the course of prostate cancer disease management. Medical castration was the first effective systemic targeted therapy for any cancer and, to this day, androgen ablation remains the mainstay of prostate cancer therapy.

中文翻译：

---

靶向雄激素受体信号：历史观点。

1853 年，伦敦医院的外科医生亚当斯通过组织学检查发现了第一例前列腺癌。亚当斯在他的报告中指出，这种情况是“一种非常罕见的疾病”。现在，150 多年后，随着预期寿命和筛查的增加，前列腺癌已成为男性最常见的癌症之一。仅在美国，每年就有近 200,000 名男性被诊断出患有前列腺癌，并且约有 33,000 人死于这种疾病。五十年前，男性通常在 70 多岁时被诊断出患有前列腺癌，并且已经转移到骨骼和/或软组织。在如此晚期的诊断是死刑，患者在 2 年内死亡。Charles Huggins 在 1940 年代的开创性工作发现，转移性前列腺癌对雄激素剥夺疗法 (ADT) 有反应，从而引发了激素疗法的合理使用，这不可逆转地改变了前列腺癌疾病的治疗过程。药物去势是针对任何癌症的第一个有效的全身性靶向治疗，直到今天，雄激素消融仍然是前列腺癌治疗的支柱。