Bone reconstruction in the oral and maxillofacial region presents particular challenges related to the development of biomaterials with osteoinductive properties and suitable physical characteristics for their surgical use in irregular bony defects. In this work, the preparation and bioactivity of chitosan–gelatin (ChG) hydrogel beads loaded with either bioactive glass nanoparticles (nBG) or mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (nMBG) were studied. In vitro testing of the bionanocomposite beads was carried out in simulated body fluid, and through viability and osteogenic differentiation assays using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). In vivo bone regenerative properties of the biomaterials were assessed using a rat femoral defect model and compared with a traditional maxillary allograft (Puros). ChG hydrogel beads containing homogeneously distributed BG nanoparticles promoted rapid bone—like apatite mineralization and induced the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs in vitro. The bionanocomposite beads loaded with either nBG or nMBG also produced a greater bone tissue formation in vivo as compared to Puros after 8 weeks of implantation. The osteoinductivity capacity of the bionanocomposite hydrogel beads coupled with their physical properties make them promissory for the reconstruction of irregular and less accessible maxillary bone defects.

口腔和颌面部区域的骨重建提出了与开发具有骨诱导特性和合适的物理特性的生物材料相关的特殊挑战，以用于不规则骨缺损的外科手术。在这项工作中，研究了负载生物活性玻璃纳米颗粒 (nB​​G) 或介孔生物活性玻璃纳米球 (nMBG) 的壳聚糖-明胶 (ChG) 水凝胶珠的制备和生物活性。在模拟体液中对生物纳米复合珠进行体外测试，并使用牙髓干细胞 (DPSC) 通过活力和成骨分化测定。体内使用大鼠股骨缺损模型评估生物材料的骨再生特性，并与传统的上颌同种异体移植物 (Puros) 进行比较。含有均匀分布的 BG 纳米颗粒的 ChG 水凝胶珠促进了骨样磷灰石的快速矿化，并在体外诱导了 DPSCs 的成骨分化。与植入 8 周后的 Puros 相比，装载 nBG 或 nMBG 的生物纳米复合材料珠在体内也产生了更大的骨组织形成。生物纳米复合水凝胶珠的骨诱导能力与其物理特性相结合，使其有望用于重建不规则和不易接近的上颌骨缺损。