The physicist Niels Bohr said "How wonderful that we have met with a paradox. Now we have some hope of making progress." Many paradoxical results have no obvious explanation under the standard somatic mutation theory of tumorigenesis including non-genotoxic carcinogens, foreign-body tumorigenesis, tumors lacking the inducing mutation, spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma, epithelial cancer induced by a stromal carcinogen exposure, the link between schistosomiasis and bladder cancer, and experimental reversion of cancer-like alterations to normal tissue. Alternative hypotheses of tumorigenesis provide more plausible explanations. Investigating paradoxical results in tumorigenesis using modern technology guided by various hypotheses of tumorigenesis will likely spur scientific progress and may lead to new strategies for cancer prevention.

中文翻译：

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癌症悖论倡议的案例。

物理学家尼尔斯·玻尔说：“我们遇到一个悖论真是太好了。现在我们有了一些进步的希望。” 许多自相矛盾的结果在肿瘤发生的标准体细胞突变理论下没有明显的解释，包括非遗传毒性致癌物、异物肿瘤发生、缺乏诱导突变的肿瘤、神经母细胞瘤的自发消退、间质致癌物暴露诱发的上皮癌、血吸虫病之间的联系和膀胱癌，以及对正常组织的癌症样改变的实验性逆转。肿瘤发生的替代假设提供了更合理的解释。