Objective: Hostility is a transdiagnostic phenomenon that can have a profound negative impact on interpersonal functioning and psychopathological severity. Evidence suggests that cognitive bias modification for interpretation bias (CBM-I) potentially reduces hostility. However, stringent efficacy studies in people with clinical levels of hostility are currently lacking. Method: The present study investigated the effects of CBM-I in two studies: one feasibility study (Study 1) in a mixed clinical-community sample of men (N = 29), and one randomized clinical study (Study 2) in a mixed-gender sample with clinical levels of hostility (N = 135), pre-registered at https://osf.io/r46jn. We expected that CBM-I would relate to a larger increase in benign interpretation bias and larger reductions in hostile interpretation bias, hostility symptoms and traits, and general psychiatric symptoms at post-intervention compared to an active control (AC) condition. We also explored the beneficial carry-over effects of CBM-I on working alliance in subsequent psychotherapy 5 weeks after finishing CBM-I (n = 17). Results: Results showed that CBM-I increased benign interpretation bias in both studies and partially reduced hostile interpretation bias in Study 2, but not in Study 1. Findings of Study 2 also showed greater reductions in behavioral (but not self-reported) aggression in CBM-I relative to control, but no condition differences were found in self-report hostility measures and general psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions: Overall, we found modest support for CBM-I as an intervention for hostility, with some evidence of its efficacy for hostile interpretation bias and aggression. We discuss study limitations as well as directions for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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敌意的解释偏差修正：一项随机临床试验。

目标：敌意是一种跨诊断现象，会对人际交往功能和精神病理学的严重程度产生深远的负面影响。有证据表明，针对解释偏差的认知偏差修正 (CBM-I) 可能会减少敌意。然而，目前缺乏对具有临床敌意水平的人进行严格的功效研究。方法：本研究在两项研究中调查了 CBM-I 的影响：一项可行性研究（研究 1）在男性的混合临床社区样本（N = 29）中，以及一项随机临床研究（研究 2）在混合- 具有临床敌意水平的性别样本（N = 135），在 https://osf.io/r46jn 预先注册。我们预计 CBM-I 将与良性解释偏差的更大增加和敌对解释偏差、敌对症状和特征的更大减少有关，与主动控制 (AC) 条件相比，干预后的一般精神症状。我们还探讨了 CBM-I 在完成 CBM-I 后 5 周（n = 17）的后续心理治疗中对工作联盟的有益延续效应。结果：结果显示，CBM-I 在两项研究中都增加了良性解释偏倚，在研究 2 中部分降低了敌对解释偏倚，但在研究 1 中没有。研究 2 的结果还显示，在CBM-I 相对于对照，但在自我报告的敌意措施和一般精神症状中没有发现条件差异。结论：总体而言，我们发现对 CBM-I 作为敌对干预的适度支持，有一些证据表明其对敌对解释偏见和侵略的有效性。我们讨论了研究的局限性以及未来研究的方向。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。