Background: In line with global standards and progress made in Prevention of Motherto- Child Transmission (PMTCT), an assessment of the outcome of Early Infant Diagnosis in northern Nigeria is necessary to evaluate progress towards zero Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among children.

Objectives: This study assessed the infection rate and risk factors for mother-to-child HIV transmission among HIV-exposed children in Kano, northwest Nigeria.

Methods: Using a retrospective cohort design, pregnant HIV-positive women and their exposed infants were recruited over a period of six years (2010 to 2016). Participants were enrolled during pregnancy or at delivery in the PMTCT clinic of a tertiary health facility in Kano, Nigeria. The main outcomes for the study were Early infant diagnosis positivity for HIV at 6 weeks and risk factors for positivity.

Results: Of the 1,514 infants studied, early infant diagnosis was positive for HIV among 13 infants (0.86%). Infants whose mothers did not have antiretroviral therapy (adjusted Prevalence Ratio aPR = 2.58, 95%CI (1.85- 3.57)), who had mixed feeding (aPR = 12.06, 95%CI (9.86- 14.70)), and those not on antiretroviral prophylaxis (aPR = 20.39, 95%CI (16.04- 25.71)) were more likely to be infected with HIV. HIV-exposed infants on nevirapine and zidovudine prophylaxis were 95% and 74%, respectively, less likely to be infected with HIV.

Conclusion: HIV infection rate remains high among HIV-exposed infants whose mothers did not receive PMTCT services. Scaling up proven interventions of early commencement of antiretroviral treatment for mothers, adherence to antiretroviral prophylaxis, and avoidance of mixed feeding among HIV-exposed infants would protect future generations from HIV infection.

背景：根据全球标准和在预防母婴传播 (PMTCT) 方面取得的进展，有必要对尼日利亚北部婴儿早期诊断的结果进行评估，以评估儿童人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染为零的进展。

目的：本研究评估了尼日利亚西北部卡诺地区暴露于 HIV 的儿童中 HIV 母婴传播的感染率和危险因素。

方法：使用回顾性队列设计，在六年（2010 年至 2016 年）期间招募 HIV 阳性孕妇及其暴露婴儿。参与者在怀孕期间或分娩时在尼日利亚卡诺的一家三级卫生机构的 PMTCT 诊所登记。该研究的主要结果是 6 周时婴儿早期 HIV 诊断阳性和阳性的危险因素。

结果：在研究的 1,514 名婴儿中，13 名婴儿 (0.86%) 的早期婴儿诊断为 HIV 阳性。母亲未接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的婴儿（调整后的患病率 aPR = 2.58, 95%CI (1.85-3.57)），混合喂养（aPR = 12.06, 95%CI (9.86-14.70)）和未接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的婴儿预防（aPR = 20.39, 95%CI (16.04- 25.71)）更有可能感染 HIV。接受奈韦拉平和齐多夫定预防的 HIV 暴露婴儿感染 HIV 的可能性分别为 95% 和 74%。

结论：母亲未接受 PMTCT 服务的 HIV 暴露婴儿的 HIV 感染率仍然较高。扩大对母亲及早开始抗逆转录病毒治疗、坚持抗逆转录病毒预防和避免在接触艾滋病毒的婴儿中混合喂养的行之有效的干预措施，将保护后代免受艾滋病毒感染。