Combining the antibiotic azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine induces airway immunomodulatory effects, with the latter also having in vitro antiviral properties. This may improve outcomes in patients hospitalised for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Placebo-controlled double-blind randomised multicentre trial. Patients aged ≥18 years, admitted to hospital for ≤48 h (not intensive care) with a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcription PCR test were recruited. The intervention was 500 mg daily azithromycin for 3 days followed by 250 mg daily azithromycin for 12 days combined with 200 mg twice-daily hydroxychloroquine for all 15 days. The control group received placebo/placebo. The primary outcome was days alive and discharged from hospital within 14 days (DAOH14).

After randomisation of 117 patients, at the first planned interim analysis, the data and safety monitoring board recommended stopping enrolment due to futility, based on pre-specified criteria. Consequently, the trial was terminated on 1 February 2021. 61 patients received the combined intervention and 56 patients received placebo. In the intervention group, patients had a median (interquartile range) 9.0 (3–11) DAOH14 versus 9.0 (7–10) DAOH14 in the placebo group (p=0.90). The primary safety outcome, death from all causes on day 30, occurred for one patient in the intervention group versus two patients receiving placebo (p=0.52), and readmittance or death within 30 days occurred for nine patients in the intervention group versus six patients receiving placebo (p=0.57).

The combination of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine did not improve survival or length of hospitalisation in patients with COVID-19.

抗生素阿奇霉素和羟氯喹的组合可诱导气道免疫调节作用，后者还具有体外抗病毒特性。这可能会改善因 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 住院的患者的预后。

安慰剂对照双盲随机多中心试验。招募了年龄≥18岁、入院时间≤48小时（非重症监护）且严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）逆转录PCR检测呈阳性的患者。干预措施为每日 500 毫克阿奇霉素，持续 3 天，然后每日 250 毫克阿奇霉素，持续 12 天，加上 200 毫克，每日两次羟氯喹，持续 15 天。对照组接受安慰剂/安慰剂。主要结局是存活天数并在 14 天内出院 (DAOH14)。

对 117 名患者进行随机分组后，在第一次计划的中期分析中，数据和安全监测委员会根据预先指定的标准，建议因无效而停止入组。因此，该试验于 2021 年 2 月 1 日终止。61 名患者接受了联合干预，56 名患者接受了安慰剂。在干预组中，患者的中位数（四分位距）为 9.0 (3-11) DAOH14 ，而安慰剂组为 9.0 (7-10) DAOH14 (p=0.90)。主要安全性结局，即第 30 天全因死亡，干预组中有 1 名患者发生，而安慰剂组有 2 名患者发生 (p=0.52)，干预组中有 9 名患者发生了 30 天内的再入院或死亡，而接受安慰剂的患者有6 名接受安慰剂（p=0.57）。

阿奇霉素和羟氯喹的联合治疗并没有改善 COVID-19 患者的生存率或住院时间。