Influenza viruses are small RNA viruses with a genome of about 13 kb. Because of this limited coding capacity, viral proteins have evolved to fulfil multiple functions in the infected cell. This implies that there must be mechanisms allowing to dynamically direct protein action to a distinct activity in a spatio-temporal manner. Furthermore, viruses exploit many cellular processes, which also have to be dynamically regulated during the viral replication cycle. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins are fundamental for the control of many cellular responses. There is accumulating evidence that this mechanism represents a so far underestimated level of regulation in influenza virus replication. Here, we focus on the current knowledge of dynamics of phospho-modifications in influenza virus replication and show recent examples of findings underlining the crucial role of phosphorylation in viral transport processes as well as activation and counteraction of the innate immune response.

中文翻译：

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病毒蛋白的动态磷酸化修饰作为甲型流感病毒复制和先天免疫反应的关键调节层


流感病毒是基因组约为 13 kb 的小 RNA 病毒。由于这种有限的编码能力，病毒蛋白已经进化以在受感染的细胞中实现多种功能。这意味着必须存在允许以时空方式动态地将蛋白质作用引导至不同活性的机制。此外，病毒利用许多细胞过程，这些过程也必须在病毒复制周期中进行动态调节。蛋白质的磷酸化和去磷酸化是控制许多细胞反应的基础。越来越多的证据表明，这种机制代表了迄今为止低估的流感病毒复制调节水平。在这里，我们重点关注流感病毒复制中磷酸化修饰动态的最新知识，并展示最近的发现实例，强调磷酸化在病毒运输过程以及先天免疫反应的激活和对抗中的关键作用。