BACKGROUND Parental time is a key resource for children's development. Studies in the United States highlight diverging gaps in parental time for children between highly educated and low-educated parents. South Korea offers an interesting context in which to examine the trend. OBJECTIVE This study assesses whether differences in childcare time have diverged or converged between parents with higher and lower levels of education over the 15-year period. Utilizing the advantage of household survey, the total amount of childcare time spent by both fathers and mothers is examined, in addition to separate time for each parent. METHODS The Korean Time Use Surveys (KTUS), conducted in 1999, 2004, 2009, and 2014, provide time diary data for two consecutive days. OLS regression models are applied to 14,044 married mothers and fathers who have at least one child under school age in order to examine how educational differences in childcare time have changed across the four surveys. RESULTS The OLS results show that both mothers and fathers have spent increasingly more time for childcare between 1999 and 2014, regardless of educational levels. However, the rise of time use is more substantial among mothers and fathers with a university degree than their counterparts with high school or less education. The diverging trend is even more evident for the combined childcare time spent by both mothers and fathers. CONTRIBUTION The divergence in childcare time by parental education is consistent with emerging trends of growing educational gaps in family behavior in Korea, raising the concern for diverging destinies between advantaged and disadvantaged children.

中文翻译：

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韩国父母教育在育儿时间方面的差异。

背景亲子时间是儿童发展的关键资源。美国的研究强调了受过高等教育和受教育程度低的父母在孩子的父母时间上存在差异。韩国提供了一个有趣的背景来研究这一趋势。目标 本研究评估了在 15 年期间，受教育程度较高和较低的父母之间在育儿时间上的差异是否出现分歧或趋同。利用住户调查的优势，除了每个父母单独的时间之外，还检查了父亲和母亲所花费的育儿时间的总和。方法 1999 年、2004 年、2009 年和 2014 年进行的韩国时间使用调查 (KTUS) 提供了连续两天的时间日记数据。OLS 回归模型应用于 14，044 名至少有一个学龄儿童的已婚母亲和父亲，以检查在四项调查中育儿时间的教育差异如何变化。结果 OLS 结果显示，无论受教育程度如何，母亲和父亲在 1999 年至 2014 年间花在育儿上的时间越来越多。然而，与高中或受教育程度较低的父母相比，拥有大学学位的母亲和父亲的时间使用增加更为显着。对于母亲和父亲共同花费的育儿时间，这种分化趋势更加明显。贡献 父母教育导致的育儿时间差异与韩国家庭行为教育差距不断扩大的新趋势一致，