We live in a world that changes on many timescales. To learn and make decisions appropriately, the human brain has evolved to integrate various types of information, such as sensory evidence and reward feedback, on multiple timescales. This is reflected in cortical hierarchies of timescales consisting of heterogeneous neuronal activities and expression of genes related to neurotransmitters critical for learning. We review the recent findings on how timescales of sensory and reward integration are affected by the temporal properties of sensory and reward signals in the environment. Despite existing evidence linking behavioral and neuronal timescales, future studies must examine how neural computations at multiple timescales are adjusted and combined to influence behavior flexibly.

中文翻译：

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大脑认知的时间尺度。


我们生活在一个在许多时间尺度上发生变化的世界。为了正确地学习和做出决策，人类大脑已经进化到能够在多个时间尺度上整合各种类型的信息，例如感官证据和奖励反馈。这反映在由异质神经元活动和与学习至关重要的神经递质相关的基因表达组成的皮质时间尺度层次结构中。我们回顾了关于环境中感觉和奖励信号的时间特性如何影响感觉和奖励整合的时间尺度的最新发现。尽管现有证据将行为和神经元时间尺度联系起来，但未来的研究必须研究如何调整和组合多个时间尺度的神经计算以灵活地影响行为。