The broad dimension of empathy has been shown to underlie various forms of psychopathology, most extensively studied for the externalizing spectrum of psychopathology. However, associations between subdimensions of empathy and functions of aggression remain unclear. The current study (N = 409) aimed to investigate common and specific associations between a higher-order model of aggression, comprising reactive aggression (RA) and proactive aggression (PA) factors with an overarching general aggression factor, and item-level factor analytically derived dimensions of empathy: affective/self-oriented empathy and cognitive/other-oriented empathy. Results demonstrated specific and opposing associations between dimensions of empathy and the general aggression factor, such that affective/self-oriented empathy was positively associated, and cognitive/other-oriented empathy was negatively associated with general aggression. Affective/self-oriented empathy was positively associated with RA, whereas cognitive/other-oriented empathy was negatively associated with RA and PA. Results confirm the importance of considering the multidimensionality of empathy and aggression and suggest both common and distinct pathways from empathy to aggression.

中文翻译：

---

解析移情维度与反应性和主动性攻击之间的关联。

移情的广泛维度已被证明是各种形式的精神病理学的基础，最广泛的研究是针对精神病理学的外化谱。然而，同理心的子维度与攻击性功能之间的关联仍不清楚。目前的研究 (N = 409) 旨在调查高阶攻击模型之间的常见和特定关联，包括反应性攻击 (RA) 和主动攻击 (PA) 因素与总体一般攻击因素，以及项目级因素分析同理心的派生维度：情感/自我导向的同理心和认知/他人导向的同理心。结果表明，移情维度与一般攻击因素之间存在特定和相反的关联，因此情感/自我导向的移情呈正相关，认知/其他导向的同理心与一般攻击性呈负相关。情感/自我导向的移情与RA呈正相关，而认知/其他导向的移情与RA和PA呈负相关。结果证实了考虑同理心和攻击性的多维性的重要性，并提出了从同理心到攻击性的共同和不同的途径。