Reports the retraction of "Correlates of gun violence by criminal justice-involved adolescents" by Lauren Gonzales and Dale E. McNiel (Law and Human Behavior, Advanced Online Publication, Sep 09, 2019, np). Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000349. A statement on p. 4 of the article was incorrect. Information regarding gun violence was collected by self-report only and the dichotomized coding scheme did not reference official arrest records. This retraction is at the request of the authors. They have agreed to revise the manuscript and resubmit to the journal for potential acceptance after undergoing the peer-review process. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2019-52366-001.) Objective: This study presents a prospective evaluation of the contribution of criminogenic factors, psychiatric symptomatology, and neighborhood-level factors to risk for gun violence by adolescents with criminal justice involvement. HYPOTHESES We hypothesized (a) elevated psychiatric symptom clusters would be associated with increased risk for gun violence after accounting for criminogenic factors; and (b) neighborhood contextual variables would contribute independently to gun violence risk controlling for criminogenic and psychiatric factors. METHOD Data were drawn from the Pathways to Desistance study (Mulvey et al., 2004), a previously collected, longitudinal evaluation of 1,354 adolescents with felony or weapons-based misdemeanor convictions. Participants were located in Arizona and Pennsylvania and aged 14-18 at baseline. The majority identified as male (86.4%) and Black (41.4%) or Hispanic (33.5%). Participants completed interviews at baseline and follow-up over 7 years. This study drew indicators of criminogenic factors, psychiatric factors, ratings of neighborhood context, and self-reported offending verified with criminal justice records. We used discrete time survival analysis to prospectively evaluate the contribution of independent variables to time to gun violence. RESULTS The presence of self-reported threat control override symptoms represented a 56% increase in risk controlling for demographic and criminogenic factors, odds ratio (OR) = 1.56, 95% CI [1.11, 2.18]. Ratings of higher neighborhood gun accessibility represented almost 2.5 times increased risk for gun violence controlling for demographic, criminogenic, and psychiatric factors, OR = 2.48, 95% CI [1.60, 3.85]. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that consideration of environmental and individual-level factors hold importance for management of community risk and public safety for adolescents with criminal justice involvement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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“涉及刑事司法的青少年枪支暴力的相关性”：冈萨雷斯和麦克尼尔的撤回（2019 年）。

报告 Lauren Gonzales 和 Dale E. McNiel 撤回了“涉及刑事司法的青少年枪支暴力的相关性”（Law and Human Behavior，Advanced Online Publication，2019 年 9 月 9 日，np）。提前在线发布。http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000349。p. 上的声明。文章第 4 条不正确。有关枪支暴力的信息仅通过自我报告收集，二分编码方案未参考官方逮捕记录。此撤回是应作者的要求。他们已同意修改稿件并在经过同行评审程序后重新提交给期刊以供潜在接受。（原始文章的以下摘要出现在记录 2019-52366-001 中。）目的：本研究对犯罪因素的贡献进行了前瞻性评估，精神症状学，以及参与刑事司法的青少年面临枪支暴力风险的邻里因素。假设我们假设（a）在考虑犯罪因素后，精神症状群升高与枪支暴力风险增加有关；(b) 邻里环境变量将独立地有助于控制犯罪和精神因素的枪支暴力风险。方法 数据取自 Pathways to Desistance 研究（Mulvey 等人，2004 年），这是一项先前收集的对 1,354 名因重罪或基于武器的轻罪定罪的青少年进行的纵向评估。参与者位于亚利桑那州和宾夕法尼亚州，基线年龄为 14-18 岁。大多数被确定为男性 (86.4%) 和黑人 (41.4%) 或西班牙裔 (33.5%)。参与者完成了基线访谈和 7 年以上的随访。这项研究得出了犯罪因素、精神因素、邻里环境评级和经刑事司法记录验证的自我报告犯罪的指标。我们使用离散时间生存分析来前瞻性地评估自变量对时间对枪支暴力的贡献。结果 自我报告的威胁控制覆盖症状的存在代表了对人口统计和犯罪因素的风险控制增加了 56%，优势比 (OR) = 1.56，95% CI [1.11, 2.18]。控制人口统计学、犯罪原性和精神病学因素后，邻里枪支可及性较高的评级代表枪支暴力风险增加近 2.5 倍，OR = 2.48, 95% CI [1.60, 3.85]。结论 结果表明，考虑环境和个人层面的因素对于参与刑事司法的青少年的社区风险和公共安全管理很重要。（PsycINFO 数据库记录 (c) 2019 APA，保留所有权利）。