Anthropogenic climate change has emerged as the most disruptive socio-political issue in the last few decades. The Kyoto Protocol’s failure to curb the rising greenhouse gases emissions pushed the UNFCCC-led negotiations towards a more flexible, non-binding agreement at the Paris COP21 meeting in 2015. The Paris Agreement’s hybrid approach to climate change governance, where flexible measures like the nationally determined commitments are balanced against the ambition of limiting the global temperature within the two-degree range, ensured the emergence of an increasingly complex and multi-stakeholder climate change regime. The article outlines the roadmap of the transition from the top-down approach of Kyoto Protocol to the legally non-binding, bottom-up approaches adopted for the post-Paris phase. The article outlines the post-Paris developments in international climate politics, which hold long-term geopolitical and geoeconomic implications. The article focuses on the fundamental shifts and balances within the UNFCCC architecture and examines the four fundamental features of this transition—the interpretation of differentiation and common but differentiated responsibilities, the evolving role of emerging economies in the negotiations, the rising profile of non-party stakeholders in shaping the climate action strategies and the emergence of climate justice movements as an alternate site of climate action.

在过去的几十年里，人为气候变化已成为最具破坏性的社会政治问题。《京都议定书》未能遏制不断上升的温室气体排放，促使 UNFCCC 主导的谈判在 2015 年巴黎 COP21 会议上达成更灵活、无约束力的协议。坚定的承诺与将全球温度限制在两度范围内的雄心相平衡，确保了日益复杂和多方利益相关者气候变化制度的出现。本文概述了从《京都议定书》自上而下的方法过渡到后巴黎阶段采用的不具有法律约束力的自下而上方法的路线图。本文概述了巴黎之后国际气候政治的发展，这些发展具有长期的地缘政治和地缘经济影响。本文重点关注 UNFCCC 架构内的根本转变和平衡，并考察了这一转变的四个基本特征——对差异化和共同但有区别的责任的解释、新兴经济体在谈判中的作用不断演变、非缔约方地位的上升。利益相关者在制定气候行动战略和气候正义运动作为气候行动的替代场所的出现。