The interaction between an impacting droplet and liquid surface is complex and is strongly influenced by the liquid surface type and impact droplet factors such as its size and velocity. In this experimental study, the impacts of a single water droplet on various liquid surfaces were investigated. The diameter and velocity of the single water droplet were 2.0–3.2 mm and 0.26–3.73 m/s, respectively. Water, ethanol, methanol, and n-heptane were used as liquids. Through impact visualizations, at the water surface, patterns of coalescence, single jet, and splash without secondary jet were observed. In contrast, at the other surfaces, patterns of coalescence, single jet, splash with secondary jet, and canopy were observed. Based on the experimental observations, pattern maps were constructed for all liquid surfaces and the previous correlations of regime transitions were compared and assessed. According to the present experimental data, it was found that the previous correlations cannot accurately predict the regime transitions for some liquid surfaces. Hence, using the present experimental data and previous correlation form, new correlations with a dimensionless parameter ($K$), expressed as a function of the density, viscosity, and surface tension ratios, were proposed for the regime transitions between coalescence and single jet patterns and between single jet and splash patterns. The proposed correlations showed good predictions for the present and previous experimental data.

撞击液滴和液体表面之间的相互作用是复杂的，并且受到液体表面类型和撞击液滴因素（例如其大小和速度）的强烈影响。在这项实验研究中，研究了单个水滴对各种液体表面的影响。单个水滴的直径和速度分别为 2.0-3.2 mm 和 0.26-3.73 m/s。水、乙醇、甲醇和正庚烷用作液体。通过冲击可视化，在水面观察到聚结、单射流和没有二次射流的飞溅模式。相比之下，在其他表面，观察到聚结、单射流、二次射流飞溅和冠层的模式。根据实验观察，为所有液体表面构建了图案图，并比较和评估了先前的状态转变相关性。根据目前的实验数据，发现先前的相关性无法准确预测某些液体表面的状态转变。因此，使用当前的实验数据和以前的相关形式，与无量纲参数（$钾$)，表示为密度、粘度和表面张力比的函数，被提议用于聚结和单射流模式之间以及单射流和飞溅模式之间的状态转变。所提出的相关性对当前和以前的实验数据显示出良好的预测。