Abstract

A description of the energy-saving technology for the generation of electrical energy is presented in the superstructure of steam boiler houses with turbine-generator units (TGU) with backpressure turbines operating in parallel with reduction cooling units. The characteristics and description of a TGU for distributed energy, developed at OAO KTW, with backpressure turbines and condensing turbines with and without steam extraction, surface and air condensers, and mini-CHPP with built-in boilers for heating network water are given. TGUs are described for geothermal energy with turbine exhaust to the atmosphere or to a heat-supply station with condensing turbines with air condensers. The technical characteristics of TGUs of various types, the number of units produced, and the place of their operation are given. The design features of TGUs manufactured at OAO KTW are noted: block layout, 100% factory readiness, high degree of automation, and reliability during operation. Prospects for further developing the direction of turbine-generator sets for distributed energy are shown: development and delivery of condensing and backpressure turbine-generating sets with a capacity increased to 8 MW; expanding the range of a “connected-in” TGU operating on steam from the extraction or exhaust of the main turbines, which make it possible to compensate for seasonal or technological fluctuations in heat energy consumption and ensure more efficient operation of the main turbines; and development of binary plants using low-grade heat and operating on low-boiling organic heat carriers. High efficiency of distributed power generation in combination with cogeneration is noted.

中文翻译：

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热电联产和分布式发电厂汽轮发电机组

摘要

在带有汽轮发电机组 (TGU) 的蒸汽锅炉房的上部结构中介绍了用于发电的节能技术，背压式汽轮机与还原冷却装置并行运行。给出了由 OAO KTW 开发的分布式能源 TGU 的特性和描述，带有背压式涡轮机和带和不带蒸汽提取的冷凝式涡轮机、表面和空气冷凝器，以及带有用于加热网络水的内置锅炉的小型 CHPP。TGU 用于地热能，涡轮机将废气排放到大气中，或用于带有空气冷凝器的冷凝式涡轮机的供热站。给出了各种类型TGU的技术特点、生产的单位数量和它们的运行地点。OAO KTW 制造的 TGU 的设计特点是：块状布局、100% 工厂就绪、高度自动化和运行过程中的可靠性。分布式能源汽轮发电机组进一步发展方向的前景：凝汽式和背压式汽轮发电机组的开发和交付，容量提高到8兆瓦；扩大使用主汽轮机抽汽或排气蒸汽运行的“联网”TGU 的范围，从而可以补偿热能消耗的季节性或技术波动，并确保主汽轮机更有效地运行；和开发使用低品位热量并在低沸点有机热载体上运行的二元设备。