Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists and their human metabolites in sewage water: Stability assessment and identification of transformation products,Drug Testing and Analysis

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Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists and their human metabolites in sewage water: Stability assessment and identification of transformation products
Drug Testing and Analysis ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-17 , DOI: 10.1002/dta.3129
Petra Hehet _{1,

2} , Niklas Köke ₁ , Daniel Zahn ₁ , Tobias Frömel ₁ , Thorsten Rößler ₂ , Thomas P Knepper ₁ , Michael Pütz _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Since their first appearance in 2008, synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) remain the most popular new psychoactive substances (NPS) in the EU. Following consumption, these drugs and their metabolites are urinary excreted and enter the sewage system enabling the application of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). Knowing the fate of target analytes in sewage water is essential for successful application of WBE. This study investigates the stability of several chemically diverse SCRAs and selected human metabolites under sewage conditions utilizing a combination of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Target analytes included SCRAs with indole (5F-PB-22, PB-22 pentanoic acid), indazole (AMB-FUBINACA, 5F-ADB, 5F-ADB dimethylbutanoic acid), carbazole (MDMB-CHMCZCA, EG-018), and γ-carboline (Cumyl-PeGaClone) chemical core structures representing most of the basic core structures that have occurred up to now. Stability tests were performed using wastewater effluent containing 5% activated sludge as inoculum to monitor degradation processes and formation of transformation products (TPs). The majority of investigated SCRAs, excluding the selected human metabolites, was recalcitrant to microbial degradation in sewage systems over a period of 29 days. Their stability was rather controlled by physico-chemical processes like sorption and hydrolysis. Considering a typical hydraulic in-sewer retention time of 24 h, the concentration of AMB-FUBINACA decreased by 90% thus representing the most unstable SCRA investigated in this study. Among the 10 newly identified TPs, three could be considered as relevant markers and should be included into future WBE studies to gain further insight into use and prevalence of SCRAs on the drug market.

中文翻译：

污水中的合成大麻素受体激动剂及其人体代谢物：稳定性评估和转化产物的鉴定

自 2008 年首次出现以来，合成大麻素受体激动剂 (SCRA) 仍然是欧盟最受欢迎的新型精神活性物质 (NPS)。食用后，这些药物及其代谢物会从尿中排出并进入污水系统，从而能够应用基于废水的流行病学 (WBE)。了解污水中目标分析物的去向对于 WBE 的成功应用至关重要。本研究利用液相色谱-串联质谱法和高分辨率质谱法 (HRMS) 的组合研究了几种化学不同的 SCRA 和选定的人体代谢物在污水条件下的稳定性。目标分析物包括含有吲哚的 SCRA（5F-PB-22、PB-22 戊酸）、吲唑（AMB-FUBINACA、5F-ADB、5F-ADB 二甲基丁酸）、咔唑（MDMB-CHMCZCA、EG-018）、和γ-咔啉（Cumyl-PeGaClone）化学核心结构，代表了迄今为止出现的大部分基本核心结构。使用含有 5% 活性污泥的废水作为接种物进行稳定性测试，以监测降解过程和转化产物 (TP) 的形成。大多数被调查的 SCRA，不包括选定的人类代谢物，在 29 天的时间内对污水系统中的微生物降解具有抗拒性。它们的稳定性受吸附和水解等物理化学过程的控制。考虑到典型的水力下水道保留时间为 24 小时，AMB-FUBINACA 的浓度降低了 90%，因此代表了本研究中研究的最不稳定的 SCRA。在新发现的 10 个 TP 中，

更新日期：2021-07-17

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