Immature indivuduals influence the formation and maintenance of social relationships within groups in diverse ways. Because of the increased interest of group members toward newborns, lactating females may use infants as social tools to temporally gain rank positions in matrilineal societies, and differential support received by the mothers may bias the network of immatures born to females of different ranks. In this study, we investigated the changes in proximity, grooming, play, and agonism networks of lactating females and immatures of different developmental periods, sex, and mothers’ dominance rank. A semi-free-ranging group of 22 capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp) was monitored for 12 months, totaling over 300 hours of observation. During this period, the age changes of 13 immatures were monitored and recorded. Best regression models showed that an increased number of grooming partners while lactating did not translate into changes in the proximity or agonistic network positions for females. Age was the main predictor of social network changes, while sex had a minor influence on the play network and no influence on the grooming or agonistic networks. Finally, mothers’ rank predicted differences in the affiliative but not the agonistic social network. This pattern points to a more affiliative and individual-based rather than agonistic and nepotism-based strategy for social network insertion, which can be explained by the decreased competition faced by the focal group and by the behavioral flexibility of the clade.

不成熟的个体以多种方式影响群体内社会关系的形成和维持。由于群体成员对新生儿的兴趣增加，哺乳期女性可能会利用婴儿作为社会工具来暂时获得母系社会中的等级地位，而母亲所获得的不同支持可能会偏向不同等级女性所生的未成熟网络。在这项研究中，我们调查了不同发育时期、性别和母亲优势等级的哺乳期女性和未成熟女性的亲近、梳理、玩耍和激动网络的变化。半自由放养的 22 只卷尾猴（Sapajusspp) 监测了 12 个月，总共观察了 300 多个小时。在此期间，监测并记录了13只幼崽的年龄变化。最佳回归模型表明，哺乳期间美容伙伴数量的增加并没有转化为女性的接近或激动网络位置的变化。年龄是社交网络变化的主要预测因素，而性别对游戏网络的影响较小，而对修饰或激动网络没有影响。最后，母亲的排名预测了亲和性社交网络的差异，而不是竞争性社交网络的差异。这种模式指向一种更加亲和和基于个人而不是基于对抗性和裙带关系的社交网络插入策略，