E proteins are transcriptional regulators that regulate many developmental processes in animals and lymphocytosis and leukemia in Homo sapiens. In particular, E2A, a member of the E protein family, plays a major role in the transcriptional regulatory network that promotes the differentiation and development of B and T lymphocytes. E2A-mediated transcriptional regulation usually requires the formation of E2A dimers, which then bind to coregulators. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which E2A participates in transcriptional regulation from a structural perspective. More specifically, the C-terminal helix-loop-helix (HLH) region of the basic HLH (bHLH) domain first dimerizes, and then the activation domains of E2A bind to different coactivators or corepressors in different cell contexts, resulting in histone acetylation or deacetylation, respectively. Then, the N-terminal basic region (b) of the bHLH domain binds to or dissociates from a specific DNA motif (E-box sequence). Last, trans-activation or trans-repression occurs. We also summarize the properties of these E2A domains and their interactions with the domains of other proteins. The feasibility of developing drugs based on these domains is discussed.

中文翻译：

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转录调节因子E2A的结构与功能的关系

E 蛋白是转录调节因子，可调节动物的许多发育过程以及智人的淋巴细胞增多症和白血病。特别是，E2A 作为 E 蛋白家族的一员，在促进 B 和 T 淋巴细胞分化和发育的转录调控网络中发挥着重要作用。E2A 介导的转录调控通常需要形成 E2A 二聚体，然后与共调节因子结合。在这篇综述中，我们从结构的角度总结了 E2A 参与转录调控的机制。更具体地说，基本 HLH (bHLH) 域的 C 端螺旋-环-螺旋 (HLH) 区域首先二聚化，然后 E2A 的激活域与不同细胞环境中的不同共激活因子或辅抑制因子结合，导致组蛋白乙酰化或脱乙酰，分别。然后，bHLH 结构域的 N 端基本区域 (b) 与特定 DNA 基序（E-box 序列）结合或分离。最后，发生反式激活或反式抑制。我们还总结了这些 E2A 域的特性及其与其他蛋白质域的相互作用。讨论了基于这些领域开发药物的可行性。